Intro to Endocrine

Question 1

what does the Hypothalamus release?

Answer 1

TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH, Somatostatin, Dopamine

Question 2

what does the Anterior Pituitary release?

Answer 2

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), FSH, LH, ACTH, MSH, Growth Hormone, Prolactin

Question 3

what does the Posterior Pituitary release?

Answer 3

Oxytocin, ADH

Question 4

what does the Thyroid release?

Answer 4

T3, T4, Calcitonin

Question 5

what does the Parathyroid release?

Answer 5

PTH

Question 6

what does the Pancreas release?

Answer 6

insulin, glucagon

Question 7

what does the adrenal medulla release?

Answer 7

norepinephrine, epinephrine

Question 8

what does the Kidney release?

Answer 8

renin, 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol

Question 9

what does the Adrenal Cortex release?

Answer 9

cortisol, aldosterone, adrenal androgens

Question 10

what do the Testes release?

Answer 10

Testosterone

Question 11

Ovaries

Answer 11

Etradiol, progesterone

Question 12

Corpus luteum

Answer 12

etradiol, progesterone

Question 13

Placenta

Answer 13

hcg, estriol, progesterone, HPL

Question 14

ACTH

Answer 14

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 15

adh

Answer 15

antidiuretic hormone

Question 16

crh

Answer 16

coticotropin-releasing hormone

Question 17

dhea

Answer 17

dehydroepiandrosterone

Question 18

dit

Answer 18

diiodotyrosine

Question 19

doc

Answer 19

11-deoxycorticosterone

Question 20

fsh

Answer 20

follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 21

ghrh

Answer 21

growth hormone releasing hormone

Question 22

GnRH

Answer 22

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Question 23

HCG

Answer 23

human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 24

HGH

Answer 24

human growth hormone

Question 25

HPL

Answer 25

human placental lactogen

Question 26

IGF

Answer 26

insulin-like growth factor

Question 27

LH

Answer 27

luteinizing hormone

Question 28

MIT

Answer 28

monoiodotyrosine

Question 29

MSH

Answer 29

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Question 30

PIF

Answer 30

prolactin-inhibiting factor

Question 31

POMC

Answer 31

pro-opiomelanocortin

Question 32

PTH

Answer 32

parathyroid hormone

Question 33

PTU

Answer 33

propylthiouracil

Question 34

SRIF

Answer 34

somatotropin release-inhibiting factor

Question 35

T3

Answer 35

triiodothyronine

Question 36

T4

Answer 36

thyroxine

Question 37

TBG

Answer 37

thyroxine-binding globulin

Question 38

TRH

Answer 38

thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Question 39

TSH

Answer 39

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 40

Hormone structures/ synthesis

Answer 40

• Peptide and protein hormones
• Steroid hormones (derivatives of cholesterol)
• adrenal and sex hormones
• Amine hormones (derivatives of tyrosine)
  e. g. catecholamines and thyroid hormones

Question 41

Endocrine Axis

Answer 41

Hypothalamus (releasing hormone)–> adenohypophysis (endocrine cell types in pars distalis–> tropic hormone) –> Peripheral endocrine gland (adrenal, thyroid, gonads, liver) –> peripheral hormone –> physiological responses

Question 42

Measurement of hormone levels

Answer 42

Plasma analysis, urine analysis

Question 43

Plasma analysis

Answer 43

Reflective only of time of sampling
Pulsatile secretion, diurnal variation, cyclic variation, age, sleep entrainment, hormone antagonism, hormone and metabolite interaction, and protein binding can all cause variation in hormone levels

Question 44

Urine analysis

Answer 44

Restricted to the measurement of catecholamines and steroid hormones
Can reflect an integrated sample