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BDS3.5 Endodontics > Intro to endo > Flashcards

Intro to endo Flashcards

1
Q

What is Endodontics?

A

Branch of clinical dentistry concerned with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of endodontic disease

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2
Q

Which tissues are affected by endodontic disease?

A

Enamel, dentine, pulp, periapical tissues.

Pulp and PA tissues in advanced cases.

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3
Q

List 5 constituents of the pulp.

A

Cells, ECM, blood vessels, Nerves, Lymphatics

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4
Q

Which types of collagen are found in the pulp?

A

Types I and III

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5
Q

Which cell types are found in the pulp?

A

Odontoblasts, fibroblasts, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, white blood cells

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6
Q

Which part of the pulp has the greatest concentration of collagen fibres?

A

Apical 1/3

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7
Q

How should a barbed broach be used?

A

At the apical third of pulp (collagenous part) to remove the pulp as one

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8
Q

What innervates the pulp?

A

Maxillary and mandibular division of trigeminal nerve

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9
Q

How are pulpal fibres split?

A

80% C fibres

If A fibres, 90% are Aδ.

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10
Q

Differences between Aδ and C fibres?

A

Aδ - myelinated, good localisation of pain, sharp quick pain, stimulated by hydrodynamic fluid movement; C - unmyelinated, poor localisation of pain, dull lingering pain, stimulated by intense thermal or mechanical sensation.

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11
Q

What can cause pulpal injury?

A

Caries, perio, restorative treatment, trauma

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12
Q

What happens in Pulpal inflammation?

A

Increased blood flow, increased inflammatory infiltrate, increased release of lysozymal enzymes, increased hydrolysis of collagen, increased vascular permeability, increased fluid in pulpal interstitial space, increased pulpal pressure, decreased lymphatic drainage.

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13
Q

What is average intra Pulpal pressure?

A

10mmHg

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14
Q

What is the intra Pulpal pressure during reversible pulpitis?

A

Up to 13mmHg

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15
Q

What is intra Pulpal pressure during irreversible pulpitis?

A

Up to 35mmHg

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16
Q

How does supine position affect intra Pulpal pressure?

A

Increases it

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17
Q

How can epinephrine affect Pulpal pressure?

A

Decreases blood flow so can reduce it

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18
Q

What are the three general types of endodontic pathology?

A

Pulpal pathology, radicular pathology, periradicular pathology

19
Q

What are the different types of pulpal pathology?

A

Pulpitis, chronic hyperplasia / pulp polyp, pulpal degeneration, necrosis

20
Q

What are the different types of radicular pathology?

A

Fracture, resorption (inflammatory, replacement, internal, external, cervical, apical)

21
Q

What are the different types of peri radicular pathology?

A

Periapical periodontitis, granuloma, radicular cyst, PA abscess (+/- sinus), condensing osteitis

22
Q

How can pulpal pathology be described?

A

Reversible/irreversible, Symptomatic/asymptomatic, Partial/complete

23
Q

How can periapical pathology be described?

A

Acute/chronic, Symptomatic/asymptomatic

24
Q

What is Pulpitis?

A

Inflammation of the dental pulp due to injury or infection

25
Q

What is Apical periodontitis?

A

Inflammation and destruction of the periradicular tissues caused by aetiologic agents of endodontic origin often as a result of pulpal necrosis

26
Q

What is apical periodontitis more common with?

A

Increased age, Decreased education, Reduced dental access, Heavily restored dentitions, Previously root filled teeth

27
Q

What are the two types of radicular cyst?

A

Bay cyst - connects directly to apical tissues - no epithelium over apical tissues; True cyst - epithelium barrier over apical tissues / foramen

28
Q

Briefly, what happens during a root canal treatment?

A

LA, access, pulpal extirpation, canal shaping, decontamination, obturation, coronal seal

29
Q

What are the two types of vital pulp treatment?

A

Direct pulp cap, Pulpotomy

30
Q

What do we use to cap the pulp in pulp caps or pulpotomy?

A

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) NOT calcium hydroxide anymore

31
Q

What are some different types of vital pulp treatment?

A

Indirect pulp cap, Selective carious tissue removal, Stepwise excavation, Direct pulp cap, Partial pulpotomy, Full pulpotomy

32
Q

What is Indirect pulp cap?

A

Single stage caries removal to hard dentine; Biomaterial placement over thin layer of remaining dentine

33
Q

What is Selective carious tissue removal?

A

Selective caries removal to soft or firm dentine on pulpal wall; Biomaterial placement on pulpal wall of cavity

34
Q

What is Stepwise excavation?

A

First stage removal of caries to soft dentine on pulpal wall and temporisation; 6-12m later caries removal to firm dentine, biomaterial and permanent restoration

35
Q

What is Class I direct pulp cap?

A

No pre-op deep caries i.e. pulpal exposure due to trauma or iatrogenic damage

36
Q

What is Class II direct pulp cap?

A

Carious exposure, disinfectant and calcium silicate used

37
Q

What is Partial pulpotomy?

A

Removal of small portion of coronal pulp; Placement of biomaterial and restoration

38
Q

What is Full pulpotomy?

A

Removal of all coronal pulp; Placement of biomaterial and restoration

39
Q

What is Orthograde re-root treatment?

A

No surgical re-root treatment where access is gained coronally, through the original access cavity

40
Q

What is Retrograde (surgical) re-root treatment?

A

Flap raised, access gained apically

41
Q

What is Apexification?

A

The treatment of the apex of the root canal in a tooth that is necrotic to induce closure so a root filling can be achieved; Can create a false apex with MTA

42
Q

What is Apexogenesis?

A

Treatment for a tooth with an open apex to preserve the apical pulp tissue to encourage the completion of the formation of the apex

43
Q

What is Root resection?

A

The removal of a portion of diseased root structure, but retaining the remaining natural tooth; Tooth is root treated first.

BDS3.5 Endodontics (8 decks)

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