Intro to Diagnostic Radiology PowerPoint Flashcards
callus formation is___
new bone being laid down, can be sign of occult stress fracture
MRI gold standard for….
soft tissue injury
If you see excess bone on XRAY what is one pathology it could be?
Pagets dz
DEXA scan used mostly for___
osteopenia/ osteoporosis
most shoulder dislocations are ____
anterior
for shoulder complaint what xrays should you order?
always get an AP and Y or wide view - always order 2 views!
A Y xray view is aka as ___
a lateral view
For humeral/ arm concerns always order..
AP and Y view - at least 2 views
what 2 views best for elbow?
AP and lateral view
T/F olecranon fractures are rare
rare
if supracondular fx or radial head fx are left untreated what is a complication that could develop?
Volkmanns contracture aka claw hand
what is a Volkmann contracture?
due to brachial artery damage = ischemia to forearm
Wrist flexion, MCP jt extension, IP jt flexion
if you see a fat pad on an xray what could that mean?
there is bleeding into a joint and there is an occult fracture
if there is a radial head fx what could be presenting signs?
bursitis or tendonitis in the elbow
greenstick fx is….
when bone bends and cracks instead of breaking clean into 2 pieces
more common in kids under 10 because bones still very flexible at this point
any time there is a wrist injury what do you need to do?
palpate the anatomical snuff box!! Looking for pain or bogginess
Way to r/o a scaphoid fracture and/or AVN of bone secondary to a scaphoid fracture injuring the radial artery
if worried about scaphoid fracture / AVN order what 4 tests?
order 3 xray views and then also a scaphoid view
Get them in thumb spike splint and f/u with repeat film
extension fracture of the radius aka___
Colles fracture
Flexion fracture of radius aka___
smiths fracture
or “reverse colles”
MOI: fall with hand inward
for hand injuries what 3 views should you order?
PA, lateral, oblique
what is classic boxers fracture?
Fracture of the 5th MCP
MOI: altercation/ punch
Usually just splint these.. if severe and angulated fx get ortho
for a finger jt. dislocation such as 5th PIP.. what should you always do before reducing it?
order a xray to see if there is also a fracture there - and document what was all there before you do in office reduction
what are some signs of degenerative jt disease?
loss joint space, loss art. cartilage, osteophytes, sclerosis, OA
what is one pathology to think of with a hip strain?
trochanteric bursitis
what is skiffy injury?
slipped capped epiphysis
Seen commonly in teens
Obesity is risk factor
what is legg calves disease?
Pediatrics ages 3-10
See necrosis to femoral head
signs: limping
due to reduced blood flow to femoral head
hip and pelvis always get __ view and ___
AP and compare both sides
if you suspect a hip fx and want to do xray but pt is older, cant bear weight etc.. what do you order?
MRI
dangerous complication of femur fx
fat emboli
if worried about patellar fx order…
sunrise view xray
knee is bent in xray can see vertical fx easier
knee order..
AP and lateral view
what is most common peds MSK tumor?
osteocarcinoma
seen in teens - pain in legs or extremity, worse throughout day horrible at night
Causes immature new bone growth - on xray have mixture of densities
view for ankle injury
AP, lateral, oblique
osteomyelitis def and what is common cause?
bone infection - DM
diagnostic test for osteomyelitis
MRI
anyone with an ulceration in the foot what do you do?
admit and get plain xray
foot views
AP, lateral, oblique
if you ever see a calcaneous fracture from a fall MOI suspect ____ fracture as well
compression fracture in lumbar spine
what is considered the “ballerina fx”
evulsion fracture at base of 5th MT due to eversion
