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Survey of Art > Intro to Computer Systems > Flashcards

Intro to Computer Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Moore’s Law

A

The number of transistors incorporated into a CPU chip will double every 24 months

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2
Q

giga

A

billion

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3
Q

mega

A

million

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4
Q

According to Mrs. Anderson what is the most important invention in the 20th century

A

transistors

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5
Q

CPU

A

the brains of the computer system

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6
Q

Cache

A

Memory where instructions and information waiting for processing after they arrive in the CPU from RAM

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7
Q

RAM

A

stands for Random Access Memory
works with the CPU
is temporary or volatile storage because everything in most types of RAM is lost as soon as the CPU is turned off (computer turned off) or there is a disruption of some sort in the electrical current going to the CPU

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8
Q

System Board

A

also called the motherboard

controls communication for the entire computer system

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9
Q

the processing speed of microprocessors

A

the number of times the CPU can fetch and process data or instructions in a second

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10
Q

Cycles of the CPU include

A

retrieving, decoding and executing instructions and returning the results to RAM

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11
Q

Speed of the CPU is measured

A

in Hz (Hertz)- CPU cycles per second
megahertz (MHz)- the number of millions of CPU cycles per second
Gigahertz (GHz)- the number of billions of CPU cycles per second
So 1000 MHz = 1GHz
Terahertz (THz)- the number of trillions of CPU per second

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12
Q

ROM

A

Read-only Memory
ROM chips are not volatile and cannot be changed by the user
contains special instructions for detailed computer operations

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13
Q

Flash Memory

A

can be updated to store new information like RAM

does not lose the information when power to the computer

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14
Q

Buslines (BUS)

A

Electrical pathwayw which connect the different compontents

a 64 bit bus can move twice as much info at the same time as a 32 bit bus

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15
Q

Ports

A

a socket for external devices to connect to the system unit

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16
Q

VGA

A

Video Graphics Adapter

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17
Q

DVI

A

Digital Video Interface

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18
Q

USB

A

connects keyboards, mice, printers,storage devices, etc.

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19
Q

Firewire

A

connects firewire devices

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20
Q

Ethernet

A

high speed networking port

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21
Q

Microphone & Headphone

A

ports

22
Q

Storage Bays

A

Hard drive, optical drives, Media card readers, solid state drives

23
Q

Qwerty

A

invented to slow people down

24
Q

Input and output good things to know

A

details, compare with different sellers, price matching

25
Q

pointing devices

A

mouse, track ball, touch pads, pointing stick

26
Q

multi-touch screens

A

I-pad, smart phones, tablets

27
Q

OCR

A

Optical-character recognition

will actually reproduce it into a text file

28
Q

output

A

presents processed data or info in a useable format

29
Q

Monitor (display screen)

A

presents visual images of text and graphics

30
Q

soft copy

A

monitor (display screen)

31
Q

hard copy

A

paper or print

32
Q

monitor refresh rate

A

how often a display image is updated or refreshed

about 60 times per second

33
Q

dpi

A

dots per inch

34
Q

printers

A

inkjet-spray ink

laser- laser light to produce images (more $ upfront but less over time)

35
Q

Internet telephones

A

transmission over the internet

requires high speed internet and special software/hardware

36
Q

Bit

A

the smallest data element in an electronic system

37
Q

Primary storage

A

remember RAM is referred to as primary storage which is temporary or volatile

38
Q

Secondary Storage

A

provides permanent or nonvolatile storage
data retained after computer shut off
accomplished by saving to and accessing
slower access speeds than primary storage
not directly accessed by CPU
less expensive than primary storage

39
Q

Hard discs

A

inside system unit
when formatted tracks, sectors and cylinders are assigned
magnetic charge on metal disk
stores and retrieves large quantities of info quickly
used to store programs and data files

40
Q

Optical discs

A

uses reflected light
flat areas represent 1s and pits represent 0s
CD/DVD/Bluray

41
Q

Solid state drives (SSDs)

A 
found inside the PC
contains solid state memory instead of magnetic disks to store data
faster and more durable than hard disks
more expensive
nothing moveable
42
Q

Database organization

A
  1. character (byte) single letter, number, character, symbol
  2. Field group of related characters. smallest piece of meaningful data
  3. Record logical grouping of fields. Entity a distinct item in a database
  4. Tables
  5. Databases collection of records or data
43
Q

software used to create databases

A

MS Access, MS SQL Server, Oracle 11g, IBM DB2, MySQL

44
Q

Relational Database

A

relates or connects data in different tables through the use of a key field or common data element
most likely the type of database to be working with

45
Q

Key Field

A

each record in a database has at least one distinct field called the key field (also called the primary key)
A field (column) within a table whose value uniquely identifies an entity, is unique for each record
example: social security number, student ID
tables are related or connected by other tables by a common key field enabling info stored in one table to be linked to info in another

46
Q

Query

A

search/ asks questions of a database in its language

47
Q

What are some of the Boolean operators

A

and, or, not, near

48
Q

keyword search

A

uses keywords to help find specific info stored on a database

49
Q

quick search

A

allows simultaneous searching of multiple e-resources-files and URLs

50
Q

uncontrolled database

A

the internet

Survey of Art (6 decks)

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