Intro to Community Flashcards
what is community health nursing
population-focused approach to planning, delivering, and evaluating nsg care
broad field gives nurses opportunity to practice in variety of settings
promote health and welfare of clients across lifespan and from diverse populations
chronic disease mngm
what is systems thinking
how an individual or unit interacts w/ other organizations or systems
explains cause and effect relationships
what is upstream thinking
focuses on interventions that promote health or prevent illness b4 an individual gets sick
precautions
what is nightingale’s enviornmental theory
relationship btwn the enviornment and health
open window theory
health is on a continuum, ever changing, adapting
preventative care
what are the community health nsg theories
systems thinking
upstream thinking
nightingale’s enviornmental theory
health belief model
milo’s framework for prevention
pender’s health promotion model
transtheoretical (TTM) of stages of change (SOC) model
what is the health belief model
predict/explain health behaviors
avoid disease w/ preventative health actions
change is made at an individual level (self-aware)
taking action to avoid disease based on:
individual perceiving disease as a threat
demographics and knowledge level
call to action for change from family, friends, health care professionals, media campaigns
benefits of making behavior changes vs barriers that keep change from happening
what is milo’s framework for prevention
change occurs at the community level
social change can occur when large number of ppl adopt behavior change
what is pender’s health promotion model
health risk does not provoke change
personal factors, benefits, barriers, and attitudes of others promote and protect health
what is transtheoretical (TTM) of stages of change (SOC) model
change occurs over time in 6 stages:
precontemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance
termination
what is precontemplation
individual is unaware of ned to change
what is contemplation
change is considered, weighs benefits and barriers
what is preparation
plan is made to make change
what is action
plan is implemented
what is maintenance
actions are taken to continue the chnaged behavior
what is termination
new behavior is developed
intentional behavior change us not necessary any longer
what is the precaution adoption model
similar to TTM
adds a stage in between precontemplation and contemplation
unengaged stage
no termination stage
what is the unengaged stage
does not engage in an issue, aware, but no engaged
factors of readiness to learn
literacy level
cultural concerns
current health knowledge and understanding
what is the goal of community health nursing
to promote. preserve, and maintain tye health of populations by the delivery of health services to individuals, families, and groups in order to influence “community health”
what are aggregates
group of ppl w/ the same illness or demographic
large population
individual
what barriers have a negative impact on learning
pain
limited mobility
vision deficits
hearing deficits
who are part of vulnerable populations
increased riks for health disparities
chronically ill
conditions last >1 year
preventable disease make up majority of chronic conditions
cause strain on finances and relationships
do not increasingly improve with treatment over time, they are managed insread
community based nursing career examples
RN health caoch
RN case manager
primary care office nurse
home hospice nurse
school nurse
diabetes nurse educator
parish nursh
insurance nurse
community clinic nurse
home health nurse
occupational health nurse
what is community based nursing
addresses the needs of INDIVIDUAL members of a community
community based nursing examples
encourage pt to see their pcp when ill
helping pt enroll in health insurance
help a pt schedule screening exams when symptoms arise
performing a wound dressing for a homebound individual
what is community oriented nurse
nurse focuses on disease prevention, health promotion, and restorative care
popution (aggregate) focused
goal to promote better health and prevent disease
motivating individuals to attain highest wellness level
research on current data to gain knowledge and solutions for public health probs
CDC
focus of care for communty oriented nsg
aggregates, communities, popultions (public health)
can include at-risk or underserved individuals and families
focus of care for comminity based nsg
individuals and families
primary goal of community oriented nsg
health promotion and disease prevention
primary goal of community based nsg
mngment of acute or chronic conditions
nursing activities for community oriented nsg
usually indurect (program management)
can include direct care of at-risk individuals and populations
nsg activies for community based nsg
direct (one on one)
illness care: management of acute and chronic conditions in settings where individuals, families, and groups live, work and attend (schools, camps, prisons)
what is public health
emphasis is on primary prevention
wokr is to promote the greatest good for the greatest number of ppl
the pt is a partner in health outcomes
resources are used to reach populations
principles guiding community health nsg
ethics
advocacy
evidence based practice
quality
professional collaboration and communication
nurse advocacy in community nsg
nurse is informer, supporter, and mediator
clients have the right to make decisions that affect their health and welfare
promote nurse pt relationships based on trust, collaboration, and shared respect
pt is responsible for their own health
advocate for resources or services that meet the pt health care needs
is assertive when advocating for pts needs, willing to progress yp through chain of command
advocate for communities and populations to change health care delivery and improve quality of life
evidence based data involves….
using best practices, expert opinion, and pt preferences to improve the delivery of pt care
goal: improve pt outcomes
should examine data obtained from research studies to have minimal bias (quality of study) a strong effect of the outcome (quantity) and if study can be repeated (consistency)
peer-reviewed
data for community
policies that improve health for a group
media campaigns that support guidelines for immunizations
task force on community pventative services that reviews health promotion and disease prevention guidelines
consider cost, benefit to pt, pt satisfaction, safety, culture and demographics
community-based participatory research:
includes partners, professionals, and community residents in identifying health issues and interventions
develops leaders in community, promotes collaboration w/ health professionals
prevention activities examples
immunizations
fluoidation of h2o supplies
family planning
exercise promotion
health promotion education class
primary prevention
target pt who are at risk but show no manifestations
educate pt to reduce risk factors
avoid unhealthy practices
effective in schools, community and nutrition centers, setting with health-education classes
secondary prevention
early detection of disease
early/peroidic health screening
nurses involved w/ secondary prevention strategies in community, healthcare facilities and schools
tertiary orevention
limit progression of a disease
minimize related disabilities
maximize recovery through rehab
prevent complications of disease and minimize effects of disabilites
primary prevention public health
prevent violence occuring
may involce aiming to change attitudes
ex. antiviolence campaigns, empowerment programs
secondary prevention public health
prevent reoccurence of violence
ex. screening programs, addressing risk factors like alc use, referrals to legal serives
tertiary prevention public health
prevent death and disability
treat problems as a result of violence
ex. mental health treatment and support, safe-houses and legal advocacy
