Intro to Clinical Sciences - Pharmacology

Question 1

what type of antibiotics effect on cell wall synthesis?

Answer 1

beta lactase - penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams

glyopeptides - vancomycin, teicoplanin.

Question 2

what type of antibiotics effect nucleic acid synthesis

Answer 2

rifampicin, metronidazole, fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin.

Question 3

how do beta lactams work ?

Answer 3

they disrupt peptidoglycan production by binding covalently and irreversible to the penicillin binding proteins. the cell wall the then disrupted and lysis occurs, this results in hypo-osmotic or iso-osmotic environment. this is active only against rapidly multiplying organisms.

Question 4

why are beta lactams more effective against gram positive bacteria.

Answer 4

this is because the beta lactams must diffuse through the bacteria cell wall and gram negative have an additional lipopolysaccharide layer that decreases bacteria penetration.