Intro to clinical Mycology Flashcards
Mycology are
Yeastsand Molds
Eukaryotes
decomposers/saprophytes
are every where in nature
fungal cell wall
- cell membrane -ergosterol-drug polyenes
2. Mannan -beta-glucans and chitin
Yeast are
single cells
colonies in culture
creamy, mucoid
facultativeanaerobes
Molds are
multicellular, fliamentous
coloniesin culture
obligate aerobes
hyphae
thread-like filaments
mycelium
hyphae interweave
how fungi reproduce
budding - blastoconidia
row- pseudohypha
either a or sexual
sporulation
anamorph
asexual state -mitotic
teleomorph
sexual state - meiosis
Risk factors for fungi
- immunocompromised
- premature infants
- hospitalized patients
- endemic area
- animals
Diagnostic test
direct microscopy
culture
histopathology
current methods for identification
protemoic identification
targeted genesequencing
adv. of direct microscopy
cheap and fast
dis of direct microscopy
insensitive
adv of culture
gold standard,
allows genus/species level id
susp. test
dis of culture
delayed results
difficult to obtain
lack of sensitivity
lack of specificity
adv of histopathology
gold standard for invasive
dis of histopathology
difficult to obtain, not species specific
what are dimorphic fungi
geographically restricted pathogen that exist as a mold when cultured at 25-30 c and yeast at 35-37 c
List dimorphic/endemic fungi
blastoyces dermatitidis coccidiodes immitis/posadasii *histoplasma capsulatum/duboisii paracoccidioides brasiliensis penicillium marneffei sporothrix schenckii
list the opportunistic fungi
aspergillus spp. *candida spp. cryptococcus neoformans/gattii mucorspp *rhizopus spp. Pneumocystis jirovecii
candidiasis is found in
skin mouth upper resp, bowls
common infections of candidasis
thrush, vaginitis, balanitis diaperrash, esophagitis
drugs to treat candidiasis
azoles (fluconazole)
echinocandins (caspodungin)
polyenes (amphotericin)
rhinocerebral zygomycosis (mucormycosis) thrives in
high glucose
acidicenironment
when airborne sores are inhaled
angioinvasive
