Intro to clinical Mycology

Question 1

Mycology are

Answer 1

Yeastsand Molds
Eukaryotes
decomposers/saprophytes
are every where in nature

Question 2

fungal cell wall

Answer 2

1. cell membrane -ergosterol-drug polyenes

2. Mannan -beta-glucans and chitin

Question 3

Yeast are

Answer 3

single cells
colonies in culture
creamy, mucoid
facultativeanaerobes

Question 4

Molds are

Answer 4

multicellular, fliamentous
coloniesin culture
obligate aerobes

Question 5

hyphae

Answer 5

thread-like filaments

Question 6

mycelium

Answer 6

hyphae interweave

Question 7

how fungi reproduce

Answer 7

budding - blastoconidia

row- pseudohypha

Question 8

either a or sexual

Answer 8

sporulation

Question 9

anamorph

Answer 9

asexual state -mitotic

Question 10

teleomorph

Answer 10

sexual state - meiosis

Question 11

Risk factors for fungi

Answer 11

• immunocompromised
• premature infants
• hospitalized patients
• endemic area
• animals

Question 12

Diagnostic test

Answer 12

direct microscopy
culture
histopathology

Question 13

current methods for identification

Answer 13

protemoic identification

targeted genesequencing

Question 14

adv. of direct microscopy

Answer 14

cheap and fast

Question 15

dis of direct microscopy

Answer 15

insensitive

Question 16

adv of culture

Answer 16

gold standard,
allows genus/species level id
susp. test

Question 17

dis of culture

Answer 17

delayed results
difficult to obtain
lack of sensitivity
lack of specificity

Question 18

adv of histopathology

Answer 18

gold standard for invasive

Question 19

dis of histopathology

Answer 19

difficult to obtain, not species specific

Question 20

what are dimorphic fungi

Answer 20

geographically restricted pathogen that exist as a mold when cultured at 25-30 c and yeast at 35-37 c

Question 21

List dimorphic/endemic fungi

Answer 21

blastoyces dermatitidis
coccidiodes immitis/posadasii
*histoplasma capsulatum/duboisii
paracoccidioides brasiliensis
penicillium marneffei
sporothrix schenckii

Question 22

list the opportunistic fungi

Answer 22

aspergillus spp.
*candida spp.
cryptococcus neoformans/gattii
mucorspp
*rhizopus spp.
Pneumocystis jirovecii

Question 23

candidiasis is found in

Answer 23

skin mouth upper resp, bowls

Question 24

common infections of candidasis

Answer 24

thrush, vaginitis, balanitis diaperrash, esophagitis

Question 25

drugs to treat candidiasis

Answer 25

azoles (fluconazole)
echinocandins (caspodungin)
polyenes (amphotericin)

Question 26

rhinocerebral zygomycosis (mucormycosis) thrives in

Answer 26

high glucose

acidicenironment

Question 27

when airborne sores are inhaled

Answer 27

angioinvasive