Intro to Clinical Diagnosis (1)

Question 1

How many diagnostic categories contribute to the final diagnosis?

Answer 1

8

Question 2

What are the four factors that contribute to the clinical diagnosis

Answer 2

1. Color
2. Shape
3. Location
4. History

Question 3

Proliferation (definition)

Answer 3

Tissue build up or swelling

Question 4

Proliferation: Soft tissue feel suggests…

Answer 4

fluid, such as a blister

Question 5

Proliferation: Firm tissue feel suggests…

Answer 5

fibrous makeup. May be irritation, inflammation, or neoplasm

Question 6

Proliferation: Hard tissue feel suggests…

Answer 6

Probably bone.

Question 7

Destruction (definition)

Answer 7

Tissue breakdown or ulceration

Question 8

Destruction: Trauma

Answer 8

Patient history most helpful. Usually event related within last 7-10 days.

Question 9

Destruction: Infection

Answer 9

Duration varies

Question 10

Destruction: Neoplasm

Answer 10

Duration is long; months to years.

Question 11

Destruction: Hard tissue destruction

Answer 11

Ex: fractured bone. Seen on radiograph

Question 12

Discoloration: Red

Answer 12

Indicative of increased vascularity.

Question 13

Discoloration: Blue

Answer 13

Indicative of venous component or a tattoo

Question 14

Discoloration: Brown

Answer 14

Related to deposition of melanin pigment. Can be normal (African American), ominous- intraoral mole: nevus

Question 15

Discoloration: White

Answer 15

Many etiologies; Decreased vascularity, increased tissue density.

Question 16

Discoloration: Yellow/Grey/White

Answer 16

Infection, ulcers, burn

Question 17

Four components to a clinical description are:

Answer 17

Location, color, size, and shape

Question 18

Bulla

Answer 18

Circumscribed, elevated lesion, more than 5mm and contains serous fluid. Looks like a blister.

Question 19

Lobule

Answer 19

A segment that appears fused together

Question 20

Macule

Answer 20

Area distinguished by color. It is flat and congruous with the surface of normal tissue

Question 21

Papule

Answer 21

Circumscribed, elevated lesion, less than 1 cm

Question 22

Pedunculated

Answer 22

Attached by stalk (like mushroom)

Question 23

Pustule

Answer 23

Variously sized circumscribed elevations containing pus (pimple)

Question 24

Sessile

Answer 24

Base of lesion that is broad

Question 25

Vesicle

Answer 25

Small, elevated lesion, contains serous

Question 26

Diffuse

Answer 26

Borders not well defined

Question 27

Multilocular

Answer 27

Multiple lobes nearby one another or fused together

Question 28

Radiolucent

Answer 28

Dark. X-ray passes through

Question 29

Radiopaque

Answer 29

Light. X-ray is stopped and absorbed

Question 30

Variants of Normal: Fordyce Granules

Answer 30

Clusters of ectopic sebaceous glands.
Where: Commonly observed on lips and buccal mucosa.
Appearance: Tiny yellow lobules in clusters

Question 31

Variants of Normal: Torus Palatinus

Answer 31

Exophytic growth of normal compact bone.

Where: Midline of hard palate

Question 32

Variants of Normal: Mandibular Torus

Answer 32

Exophytic growth on lingual aspect of mandible in area of premolars
No treatment unless interference with appliance fabrication.

Question 33

Variants of Normal: Melanin Pigmentation

Answer 33

Observed on oral mucosa and gingiva of dark-skinned people.

Question 34

Variants of Normal: Lingual Varicosities

Answer 34

Observed on the ventral and lateral surfaces of tongue. Most commonly seen in individuals 60+ years of age.

Question 35

Variants of Normal: Linea Alba

Answer 35

Antero-posterior white line on buccal mocosa along the occlusal plane. may be bilateral.
Prominent in clenchers and bruxers

Question 36

Variants of Normal: Leukoedema

Answer 36

Generalized opalescence on buccal mucosa. When stretched, opalescence diminishes. Most commonly seen on African Americans, and is more prominent in smokers.

Question 37

Benign Condition of Unknown Cause: Median Rhomboid Glossitis

Answer 37

Appears as flat or slightly raised oval erythematous area in midline of dorsal tongue. Devoid of filiform papillae (smooth texture), remaining tongue surface is coated and appears raised.
May be associated with chronic fungal infection by Candida Albicans

Question 38

Benign Condition of Unknown Cause: Geographic Tongue or “Migratory Glossitis”

Answer 38

Diffuse areas devoid of filiform papillae; appears as erythmatous patches surrounded by white or yellow border. NOT static, inherited, histology similar to psoriasis, exacerbated by stress, sometimes burning sensation.

Question 39

Benign Condition of Unknown Cause: Fissured Tongue

Answer 39

Dorsal tongue surface shows deep fissures or grooves that can become irritated if food debris collects. Seen in 5% population. Inherited.

Question 40

Benign Condition of Unknown Cause: Hairy Tongue

Answer 40

Increased accumulations of keratin on filiform papillae that results in white, hairy appearance. Papillae can be brown or black due to chromogenic bacteria, tobacco, foods. Temporarily reversed with tongue brushing.

Question 41

Angular Cheilitis

Answer 41

Bilateral, rectangular, and ulcerated lesions located at the the lip commisures. Lesions are rough and crusted.

Question 42

Hyperkeratosis

Answer 42

A thickening of the outer layer of the skin. This outer layer contains a tough, protective protein called keratin. This skin thickening is often part of the skin’s normal protection against rubbing, pressure and other forms of local irritation.