Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Question 1

HIV is transmitted by?

Answer 1

sexual contact, infected blood/blood products, crosses placenta

Question 2

Affects primarily which cells??

Answer 2

CD4 T-helper lymphocytes

Question 3

Diagnosis of HIV

Answer 3

severe CD4 lymphocyte depletion (<200 CD4 lymphocytes per microliter of blood) and 1 or more opportunistic diseases.

Question 4

Acute symptoms

Answer 4

fever, night sweats, muscle/joint pain; general “not feeling well”; sometimes rash

Question 5

Common HIV-related infections

Answer 5

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), Kaposi’s sarcoma, shingles, oral candida

Question 6

HIV Testing

Answer 6

ELISA; if + twice, Western blot test performed. False positive is possible, but not false negatives

Question 7

Terminal condition of HIV

Answer 7

AIDS

Question 8

Antibodies to HIV usually begin to become detectable about _______ following infection

Answer 8

6 weeks

Question 9

Viral Load

Answer 9

PCR used to measure amount of HIV circulating in serum.

Question 10

HIV managed how?

Answer 10

Managed with a combination of different types of antiretroviral drugs and drugs that prevent opportunistic infections. Continually changes according to patient’s objective and subjective symptoms .

Question 11

Managed with a combination of different types of antiretroviral drugs and drugs that prevent opportunistic infections. This is termed as a ______

Answer 11

cocktail

Question 12

Oral Candidiasis

Answer 12

Occurs frequently. One of most common HIV oral lesions.

Question 13

Herpes Simplex Infection

Answer 13

Lesions can appear as persistent, painful ulcers. Lesions persisting longer than 1 month =AIDS

Question 14

Herpes Zoster

Answer 14

follows usual pattern

Question 15

Hairy Leukoplakia

Answer 15

Caused by Epstein-Barr virus. Mostly seen with HIV infection. Generally not treated

Question 16

Kaposi Sarcoma

Answer 16

Opportunistic neoplasm; HHV-8 is causative agent. Lesions are reddish-purple, flat or raised lesion anywhere in mouth. Diagnosis is biopsy. Treatment = excision or chemo. Diagnostic of AIDS

Question 17

Lymphoma- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Answer 17

Malignant tumor. diagnosis from biopsy. Treat with chemo. Diagnostic of AIDS

Question 18

Linear gingival erythema symptoms

Answer 18

spontaneous bleeding, punctuate lesions on attached gingiva/alveolar mucosa, band like erythema of gingiva that does not respond to therapy; occurs independent of oral hygiene;

Question 19

Linear gingival erythema symptoms

Answer 19

These lesions occur in very immuncompromised patients

Question 20

Spontaneous Gingival bleeding

Answer 20

Decreased # of platelets causes bleeding. Platelet count and bleeding time before scaling