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Intro to Chemistry > Intro to Chemistry Chapters 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Intro to Chemistry Chapters 1 & 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Mixture

A

Physical combination of two or more pure substances present in variable amounts

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2
Q

Percent =

A

parts per hundred

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3
Q

Respiration

A

foods we eat are metabolized to produce carbon dioxide and water

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4
Q

Toxicity

A

the intrinsic health hazard of a substance

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5
Q

Exposure

A

the amount of the substance encountered

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6
Q

Ambient Air

A

the air surrounding us

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7
Q

Troposphere

A

lower region of the atmosphere where we live that lies directly above the surface of the earth

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8
Q

Green chemistry

A

benign by design. designing chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances

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9
Q

Element

A

pure substance from which compounds are formed

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10
Q

Compound

A

pure substance made up of two or more different elements in a fixed, characteristic chemical compound

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11
Q

Nonmetals

A

elements that do not conduct electricity

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12
Q

metalloids

A

elements that lie between metals and nonmetals and do not fall cleanly into either category

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13
Q

metals

A

elements that are shiny and conduct electricity and heat well

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14
Q

Molecule

A

two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds in a certain spatial arrangements

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15
Q

Diatomic Molecule

A

molecule consisting of two or more atoms

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16
Q

Combustion

A

chemical process of burning, that is, rapid combination of fuel with oxygen to release energy in the form of heat and light

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17
Q

Chemical Reaction

A

process whereby substances described as reactants are transformed into different substances called products

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18
Q

Law of Conservation of Matter and Mass

A

in a chemical reaction matter and mass are conserved

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19
Q

Aerosol

A

liquid and solid particles that remain suspended in the air rather than settling out

20
Q

Catalyst

A

chemical substance that participates in a chemical reaction and influences its rate without itself undergoing permanent change

21
Q

Volatile

A

substance rapidly passes into the vapor phase, that is, it evaporates easily

22
Q

Organic Compound

A

always contain carbon, almost always contain hydrogen and may contain elements such as oxygen and nitrogen

23
Q

Ozone Layer

A

designated region in the stratosphere of maximum ozone concentration

24
Q

Nucleus

A

center of atom made up of protons and neutrons

25
Q

Protons

A

positively charged particles

26
Q

Neutrons

A

electrically neutral particles

27
Q

Electrons

A

smaller than proton or neutron and negative charge equal in magnitude to that of proton but opposite in sign

28
Q

Atomic Number

A

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

29
Q

Outer (Valence) Electrons

A

found in the highest energy level and help account for many of the observed trends in chemical processes

30
Q

Isotopes

A

two or more forms of the same element (same number of protons) whose atoms differ in the number of neutrons and hence in mass

31
Q

Mass Number

A

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

32
Q

Covalent Bond

A

two electrons that are shared

33
Q

Lewis Structure

A

representation of an atom or molecule that shows its outer electrons. H.

34
Q

Octet Rule

A

fact that electrons in many molecules are arranged so that every atom (except Hydrogen) shares in eight electrons

35
Q

Doubled Bond

A

covalent bond consisting of two pairs of shared electrons

36
Q

Wavelength

A

distance between successive peaks

37
Q

Frequency

A

number of waves passing a fixed point in 1 second

38
Q

Radiant Energy

A

entire collection of different wavelengths each with its own energy

39
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Compounds made up only of the elements hydrogen and carbon.

40
Q

Mother Eats Peanut Butter

A

Meth = 1 carbon atom, Eth = 2 carbon atoms, Prop = 3 carbon atoms, But = 4 carbon atoms

41
Q

Photons

A

Individual bundles of energy

42
Q

Steady State

A

condition in which a dynamic system is in balance so that there is no net change in concentration of the major species involved

43
Q

Chapman Cycle

A

the first set of natural steady-state reactions proposed for stratospheric ozone.

44
Q

Free Radical

A

highly reactive chemical species with one or more unpaired electrons

45
Q

Chloroflurocarbons CFC’s

A

compounds composed of the elements choline, fluorine and carbon (but do not contain the element hydrogen)

46
Q

Halons

A

cousin of CFC, inert nontoxic compounds containing chloride or fluorine (or both but no hydrogen) but in addition they contain bromine

Intro to Chemistry (2 decks)

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