Intro to Chemistry Chapters 1 & 2

Question 1

Mixture

Answer 1

Physical combination of two or more pure substances present in variable amounts

Question 2

Percent =

Answer 2

parts per hundred

Question 3

Respiration

Answer 3

foods we eat are metabolized to produce carbon dioxide and water

Question 4

Toxicity

Answer 4

the intrinsic health hazard of a substance

Question 5

Exposure

Answer 5

the amount of the substance encountered

Question 6

Ambient Air

Answer 6

the air surrounding us

Question 7

Troposphere

Answer 7

lower region of the atmosphere where we live that lies directly above the surface of the earth

Question 8

Green chemistry

Answer 8

benign by design. designing chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances

Question 9

Element

Answer 9

pure substance from which compounds are formed

Question 10

Compound

Answer 10

pure substance made up of two or more different elements in a fixed, characteristic chemical compound

Question 11

Nonmetals

Answer 11

elements that do not conduct electricity

Question 12

metalloids

Answer 12

elements that lie between metals and nonmetals and do not fall cleanly into either category

Question 13

metals

Answer 13

elements that are shiny and conduct electricity and heat well

Question 14

Molecule

Answer 14

two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds in a certain spatial arrangements

Question 15

Diatomic Molecule

Answer 15

molecule consisting of two or more atoms

Question 16

Combustion

Answer 16

chemical process of burning, that is, rapid combination of fuel with oxygen to release energy in the form of heat and light

Question 17

Chemical Reaction

Answer 17

process whereby substances described as reactants are transformed into different substances called products

Question 18

Law of Conservation of Matter and Mass

Answer 18

in a chemical reaction matter and mass are conserved

Question 19

Aerosol

Answer 19

liquid and solid particles that remain suspended in the air rather than settling out

Question 20

Catalyst

Answer 20

chemical substance that participates in a chemical reaction and influences its rate without itself undergoing permanent change

Question 21

Volatile

Answer 21

substance rapidly passes into the vapor phase, that is, it evaporates easily

Question 22

Organic Compound

Answer 22

always contain carbon, almost always contain hydrogen and may contain elements such as oxygen and nitrogen

Question 23

Ozone Layer

Answer 23

designated region in the stratosphere of maximum ozone concentration

Question 24

Nucleus

Answer 24

center of atom made up of protons and neutrons

Question 25

Protons

Answer 25

positively charged particles

Question 26

Neutrons

Answer 26

electrically neutral particles

Question 27

Electrons

Answer 27

smaller than proton or neutron and negative charge equal in magnitude to that of proton but opposite in sign

Question 28

Atomic Number

Answer 28

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 29

Outer (Valence) Electrons

Answer 29

found in the highest energy level and help account for many of the observed trends in chemical processes

Question 30

Isotopes

Answer 30

two or more forms of the same element (same number of protons) whose atoms differ in the number of neutrons and hence in mass

Question 31

Mass Number

Answer 31

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 32

Covalent Bond

Answer 32

two electrons that are shared

Question 33

Lewis Structure

Answer 33

representation of an atom or molecule that shows its outer electrons. H.

Question 34

Octet Rule

Answer 34

fact that electrons in many molecules are arranged so that every atom (except Hydrogen) shares in eight electrons

Question 35

Doubled Bond

Answer 35

covalent bond consisting of two pairs of shared electrons

Question 36

Wavelength

Answer 36

distance between successive peaks

Question 37

Frequency

Answer 37

number of waves passing a fixed point in 1 second

Question 38

Radiant Energy

Answer 38

entire collection of different wavelengths each with its own energy

Question 39

Hydrocarbons

Answer 39

Compounds made up only of the elements hydrogen and carbon.

Question 40

Mother Eats Peanut Butter

Answer 40

Meth = 1 carbon atom, Eth = 2 carbon atoms, Prop = 3 carbon atoms, But = 4 carbon atoms

Question 41

Photons

Answer 41

Individual bundles of energy

Question 42

Steady State

Answer 42

condition in which a dynamic system is in balance so that there is no net change in concentration of the major species involved

Question 43

Chapman Cycle

Answer 43

the first set of natural steady-state reactions proposed for stratospheric ozone.

Question 44

Free Radical

Answer 44

highly reactive chemical species with one or more unpaired electrons

Question 45

Chloroflurocarbons CFC's

Answer 45

compounds composed of the elements choline, fluorine and carbon (but do not contain the element hydrogen)

Question 46

Halons

Answer 46

cousin of CFC, inert nontoxic compounds containing chloride or fluorine (or both but no hydrogen) but in addition they contain bromine