intro to cells, microorganisms and microbiology Flashcards
what are ribosomes made up of?
- large subunit
- small subunit
- 50+ proteins
- 3 rRNA molecules
what is the size of the subunits in eukaryotes?
60S + 40S = 80S
what is the size of the subunits in prokaryotes?
50S + 30S = 70S
what are the sizes of the 3 rRNA molecules for eukaryotes?
5.8S, 18S, 28S
what are the sizes of the 3 rRNA molecules in prokaryotes?
5S, 16S, 23S
what do the ribosomes in the context of protein synthesis?
they direct translation by reading mRNA that has been transcribed, then add amino acids accordingly
what does the cytoplasm contain?
crucial biochemicals involved in energy generation and biosynthetic processes within cell
-> ATP, NAD, NADP
what is ATP?
source of energy in biosynthetic reactions, synthesized during exothermic reactions
what is NAD/NADH/NADPH?
NAD is an oxidant in biochemical reactions, its reduced for is NADH, NADPH is a reductant used in biosynthetic reactions
what are unique structures found in some prokaryotes?
- pili and fimbriae
- sheaths
- polysaccharide capsules
- gas vesicles
- heterocysts
- endospores
how large are prokaryotes?
tend to be small, 1-5 microns
what large are eukaryotes?
tend to me large, 2-200 microns
what kingdoms fall under prokaryotes?
bacteria and archaea
what kingdoms fall under eukaryotes?
fungi, protozoa, algae and all other living organisms
what traits do eukaryotes have, that prokaryotes do not?
- membrane bound nucleus
- DNA organized in complex chromosomes
- intracellular compartments called organelles
what is Whittaker’s 5 kingdom classification system based on?
means of nutrition
what are the 5 kingdoms in Whittaker’s system?
plantae, animalia, fungi, protista, monera
what is Woese’s 3 kingdom system based on?
evolutionary relationships
what are the 3 kindoms in Woese’s classification system?
archaea, bacteria, eukarya
what kingdom did eukarya evolve from?
archaea
