intro to cell bio

Question 1

what is the fundamental units of life?

Answer 1

cells

there are many types, varietys of sizes, shapes and functions

Question 2

what are the three characteristics that define a cell?

Answer 2

1. replicatable genetic information (DNA)
2. Limiting membrane (plasma membrane)
3. Metabolic mechinery (catabolism and anabolism)

Question 3

Cellular Life Forms:
Procaryotes-
Eucaryotes-

Answer 3

procaryotes- bacteria (eubacteria)
archaea

Eucaryotes- protists
Fungi
plants
animals

Question 4

Procaryotic cell:

Answer 4

• bacteria
• Single compartment enclosed by plasma membrane
• contain essentially no organells- naked DNA in the cytoplasm
• Most live as single cell organisms, some form clusters
• Live in variety of enviroments
• Aerobic and anaerobic
• Food source- any organic material, some bacteria can live on inorganic substances.

Question 5

Structure of the Eucaryotic Cell.

Answer 5

Membrane-bound compartments and Organelles.

Question 6

Membrane bound compartments and Organells:

*Plasma membrane

Answer 6

-cytosolic compartment

Question 7

Membrane bound campartments and Organells:

*Nuclear envelope

Answer 7

-Nucleus- information store

Question 8

Membrane bound campartments and Organells:

Endoplasmic reticulum-

Answer 8

• synthetic machinery
  - rough (RER)
  - Smooth (SER)

Question 9

Membrane bound campartments and Organells:

* Golgi apparatus-

Answer 9

-protein modification, storage, shipment.

Question 10

Membrane bound campartments and Organells:

*MItochondrion-

Answer 10

-energy generation.

Question 11

Membrane bound campartments and Organells:

• Chloroplast-

Answer 11

• capture energy from sunlight

Question 12

Membrane bound campartments and Organells:

*Lysosome-

Answer 12

-digestion

Question 13

Membrane bound campartments and Organells:

*Peroxisome-

Answer 13

-oxidation

Question 14

Non-membraneous Organells:

* Ribosomes-

Answer 14

-protein synthesis

Question 15

Non-membraneous Organells:

*Cytoskeleton-

Answer 15

• polarity can cell movement
  - actin filaments
  - microtubules
  - intermediate filaments

Question 16

Comparison of Procaryotic and Eucaryotic Cells:

organisms-

Answer 16

Procaryotes: bacteria and cyanobacteria
Eucaryotes: protists, fungi, plants and animals

Question 17

Comparison of Procaryotic and Eucaryotic Cells

Cell Size:

Answer 17

Procaryotes-
1-10um
Eucaryotes-
5-100 um

Question 18

Comparison of Procaryotic and Eucaryotic Cells

Metabolism-

Answer 18

Procaryotes-
anaerobic or aerobic
Eucaryotes-
aerobic

Question 19

Comparison of Procaryotic and Eucaryotic Cells

Organelles-

Answer 19

procaryotes-
Few or none
Eucaryotes-
Many

Question 20

Comparison of Procaryotic and Eucaryotic Cells

DNA

Answer 20

procaryotes-
circular naked DNA in cytoplasm
Eucaryotes- Long linear DNA associated with protiens

Question 21

Comparison of Procaryotic and Eucaryotic Cells

RNA and Proteins:

Answer 21

procaryotes- RNA and proteins synthesized in the same compartment.
Eucaryotes-
RNA synthesized and processed in nucleus; proteins synthesized in cytoplasm.

Question 22

Comparison of Procaryotic and Eucaryotic Cells

Cytoplasm-

Answer 22

Procaryotes- no cytoskelton

Eucaryotes- cytoskeleton

Question 23

Comparison of Procaryotic and Eucaryotic Cells

Cell Division-

Answer 23

Procaryotes- DNA pulled apart by attachments to plasma membrane
Eucaryotes- Chromosomes pulled apart by sytoskeletal spindle apparatus.

Question 24

Comparison of Procaryotic and Eucaryotic Cells

Cellular Organisation-

Answer 24

Procaryotes-
mainly unicellular
Eucaryotes- mainly multicellular with differentiation of many cell types.