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PY365 AF > Intro to case > Flashcards

Intro to case Flashcards

1
Q

What does PC stand for

A

Presenting complaint

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2
Q

What does HPC stand for

A

History of presenting complaint

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3
Q

What does PMH stand for

A

Past medical history

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4
Q

What does FH stand for

A

Family history

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5
Q

What does SH stand for

A

Social history

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6
Q

What does DH stand for

A

drug history

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7
Q

What does CXR stand for

A

chest x ray

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8
Q

What does RR stand for

A

Respiratory rate

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9
Q

What does FBC stand for

A

Full blood count

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10
Q

What does U and E stand for

A

Urea and electrolytes

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11
Q

What does LFT stand for

A

Liver function tests

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12
Q

What does TFT stand for

A

Thyroid function tests

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13
Q

What is HbA1c

A

Checks for diabetes

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14
Q

List the different types of AF

A
  1. Atrial fibrillation
  2. First diagnosed AF
  3. Paroxysmal AF
  4. Persistent AF
  5. Long standing persistent AF
  6. Permanent AF
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15
Q

Where does AF occur

A

Supraventricular tachycardia, occurring above ventricles
Usually originates from left atrium

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16
Q

Define AF

A

Arrhythmia that originates from the atria of the heart, resulting in ECG changes with an irregularly irregular heart rhythm and loss of p waves

17
Q

What is first diagnosed AF

A

AF that has not been diagnosed before, irrespective of the duration of the arrhythmia or the presence and severity of AF related symptoms

18
Q

What is paroxysmal AF

A

Self terminating, in most cases within 48 hours.
Some AF paroxysms may continue for up to 7 days.
Af episodes that are cardioverted within 7 days should be considered paroxysmal

19
Q

What is persistent AF

A

AF that lasts longer than 7 days, including episodes that are terminated by cardioversion, either with drugs or by direct current cardioversion, after 7 days or more

20
Q

What is longstanding persistent AF

A

Continuous AF lasting for over 1 year when it is decided to adopt a rhythm control strategy

21
Q

what is permenant AF

A

AF that is accepted by the patient
Rhythm control interventions are not pursued in patients with permanent AF, and should a rhythm control strategy be adopted, the arrhythmia would be reclassified as longstanding persistent AF

22
Q

How is AF diagnosed

A
  1. Heart rate/rhythm radial pulse check
    - adults normal resting heart rate is between 60-100 bpm and a regular pattern of beats
  2. Heart tracing/ECG to confirm diagnosis
23
Q

Why is it important to treat AF

A
  1. Patient may be symptomatic/asymptomatic
  2. May be a reason or treatable underlying cause
  3. AF increases risk of stroke x5
  4. Untreated patients with AF who have a stroke, tend to have more fatal or debilitating strokes
24
Q

Explain how AF increases the risk of strokes

A

Blood is not flowing smoothly around the atrium, as the atria is fibrillating. This tends to lead to clot formation, typically in left atrium and left atrial appendage
The clot breaks off and will travel around circulation and as the pipe gets narrower, it gets too large to travel down the vessel.
This causes blockage, so no blood flow or oxygen can reach the brain which causes an ischaemic stroke

25
Q

What is a stroke risk assessment

A

Estimation of the risk of stroke or systemic blood clot for a patient in AF in the next year

26
Q

What is a bleeding risk assessment

A

Estimation of the risk of bleeding for a patient in AF in the next year

27
Q

What is a modifiable risk factor

A

A risk factor that can be altered by a change in patient behaviour or by medical intervention

28
Q

Outline the steps in treatment of AF

A
  1. Rate control- controlling the rate of arrhythmia, so patient is less symptomatic and doing less damage to heart over long term
  2. or rhythm control- trying to get patient back into their normal heart rhythm (sinus rhythm)
29
Q

How are the risks associated with AF reduced

A
  1. Risk assessment and appropriate medication
    - anticoagulation management
  2. management of co-morbidities
30
Q

What are the factors involved in a practice based approach

A
  1. patient preference- risk vs benefits
  2. age
  3. co-morbidities
  4. renal/hepatic function
  5. current drug therapy and interactions
  6. allergies
  7. Family history and social history
  8. cost effective

PY365 AF (19 decks)

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