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Cariology > Intro to Cario + History > Flashcards

Intro to Cario + History Flashcards

1
Q

Where can black spots be seen?

A

Faults on our teeth ex. pits and fissures

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2
Q

This is where dental caries usually start

A

Occlusal surface of posterior teeth

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3
Q

Signs of dental caries (2)

A

Black spots and White spot lesions

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4
Q

Caries is latin for which english word

A

Rot or decay

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5
Q

What does sine qua non mean?

A

Very important / substance of something

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6
Q

Caries is the sine qua non of what

A

Cavity

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7
Q

It is the microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth

A

Dental caries

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8
Q

Dental caries is characterized by the demineralization of the _________ and destruction of the __________ of the tooth

A

Inorganic portion and Organic substance

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9
Q

What is the organic portion of the tooth?

A

Protein of the teeth

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10
Q

What is the inorganic portion of the tooth

A

Calcium Hydroxyapatite

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11
Q

The enamel is made up of __% calcium hydroxyapatite

A

96-98%

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12
Q

The dentin is made up of __% calcium hydroxyapatite

A

60-64%

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13
Q

The cementum is made up of __% calcium hydroxyapatite

A

50%

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14
Q

Dental caries is a __________, ___________, ___________, __________, ____________ disease resulting in net mineral loss of dental hard tissues

A 
Biofilm-mediated
Diet modulated
Multifactorial
Non-communicable
Dynamic
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15
Q

Layer that covers our teeth which contains live microorganisms

A

Biofilm

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16
Q

What are the factors of dental caries (Current Concept)

A

Host
Microbial Flora
Substrate (food)
Time

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17
Q

Detection and assessment of caries signs to determine presence of the disease

A

Caries Diagnosis

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18
Q

Reflects the mineral balance in terms of net mineral loss, net mineral gain or stasis over time

A

Caries Activity

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19
Q

Implies caries initiation/progression

A

Active Caries

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20
Q

Implies caries arrest/regression

A

Inactive Caries

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21
Q

Expected course of dental caries

A

Prognosis of caries

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22
Q

Implies no detectable signs of caries

A

Caries free

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23
Q

Implies no signs of cavities in the dentine

A

Cavity free

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24
Q

Actions taken to interfere with net mineral loss

A

Caries Care / Management

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25
Q

What type of caries intervention? Brushing, Flossing, Mouth Wash

A

Non operative intervention

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26
Q

What type of caries intervention? Oral prophylaxis and restoration

A

Operative Intervention

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27
Q

Removal of tooth structure for placement of a restoration which should be minimally invasive and conserve as much natural tooth structure as possible

A

Surgical Management of Caries

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28
Q

What are the non surgical management of caries strategies

A

Physical barriers (Sealants)
Biofilm modification
Remineralization by means of chemotherapeutic interventions
Change in patient behavior

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29
Q

Inhibition of caries initiation

A

Caries prevention

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30
Q

Microorganisms or substances that are capable of promoting/initiating dental caries

A

Cariogenic

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31
Q

Describes how cariogenic a microorganism or substance is

A

Cariogenicity

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32
Q

Capable of arresting dental caries / arrest the progression of dental caries

A

Cariostatic

33
Q

Is dental biofilm and dental plaque the same thing?

A

Yes

34
Q

Refers to the total loss of enamel and exposure to the underlying dentin

A

Cavitated

35
Q

Refers to a microorganism that is capable of producing acids

A

Acidogenic

36
Q

Refers to a microorganism that is capable of thriving in an acidic environment

A

Aciduric

37
Q

Oldest evidence of caries was seen where?

A

Broken Hill, Northern Rhodesia (Zambia)

38
Q

What specimen was unearthed from broken hill northern rhodesia (give both names)

A

Homo Rhodesiensis Cranium (Homo Heidelbergensis)

39
Q

References to caries was found in the writings of which poet?

A

Homer

40
Q

In the Sargonid Dynasty of Assyria, what was the reason given by the kings physician for the need of a tooth extraction?

A

Spreading inflammation (infection)

41
Q

Text which mentions tooth worms as the cause of dental caries

A

Sumerian Texts

42
Q

Manuscript which mentions diseases of teeth

A

Ebers papyrus

43
Q

The surgeon that wrote that caries is caused by worms

A

Guy de Chauliac

44
Q

This muslim dentist who stated that tooth worms do not exist

A

Gaubari

45
Q

He was one of the first people to cite that sugar is a possible cause of cavities

A

Pierre Fauchard

46
Q

They researched more about plaque and investigated the causes of dental caries

A

Miller, G.V. Black, J.L. Williams

47
Q

This theory states that there is an imbalance between the humors of the body which causes tooth decay

A

Humoral Theory

48
Q

This theory states that tooth decay originates from within the tooth like a bone gangrene

A

Vital Theory

49
Q

He said that dental decay comes from external factors not internal, opposing the vital theory

A

Parmly

50
Q

He proposed that decay of the tooth is caused by acids which are produces by the fermentation of food particles around the teeth

A

Robertson

51
Q

This theory states that caries starts as a chemical process but microorganisms continue the process of disintegration

A

Parasitic (Septic) Theory

52
Q

Described filamentous organisms in the membrane removed from teeth

A

Erdl

53
Q

Attributed dental caries to “denticolae”

A

Ficnus

54
Q

They said that dental caries is a chemical process but living organisms continue the disintegration in both enamel and dentin

A

Leber and Rottenstein

55
Q

They said that bacteria were essential to caries but there is still an exogenous source of the acids

A

Clark, Tomes, Magitot

56
Q

They presented a septic theory that acid capable of causing decalcification is produced by bacteria that feeds on the organic fibrils of dentin

A

Underwood and Miller

57
Q

This scientist discovered that several strains of lactobacilli bacteria is linked to dental caries

A

Fernando E. Rodriguez Vargas

58
Q

This researcher suggested that bacterial strain streptococcus mutans was responsible for cavities

A

Killian Clarke

59
Q

Their hamster studies showed a direct correlation between bacteria and cavities

A

R.J. Fitzgerald and Paul Keyes

60
Q

The chemico-parasitic theory (acidogenic theory) was made by?

A

Willoughby D. Miller

61
Q

What are the 2 stages of chemico-parasitic process in the acidogenic theory

A

First decalcification of enamel and dentin

Second dissolution of the softened residue

62
Q

What are the factors in the process of decalcification according to Millers acidogenic theory

A

Oral microorganisms
Carbohydrate substrate
Acid

63
Q

What are the drawbacks of Millers Acidogenic Theory

A

Predilection of specific sites on a tooth (there are areas more prone to caries)
Initiation of smooth surface caries
Some populations are caries free

64
Q

They proposed the proteolytic theory

A

Gottlieb and Gottlieb

65
Q

This theory states that the organic or protein elements of the tooth are the initial pathways of invasion by microorganisms

A

Proteolytic Theory

66
Q

In the proteolytic theory, these are mentioned as the pathways for microorganism invasion through the enamel

A

Enamel lamellae and Enamel rod sheaths

67
Q

Who made the sulfatase theory?

A

Pincus

68
Q

What are the stages of the sulfatase theory

A

1st: proteolytic organisms attack the protein elements of the tooth
2nd: sulfuric acid is formed

69
Q

This theory states that caries start in the inner tooth surface then pulp lymph is affected

A

Phosphate theory of Csernyei

70
Q

Schatz is responsible for what theory?

A

The proteolysis chelation theory

71
Q

This is a process that involves the complexing of metallic ion to a substance through a covalent bond which results in a highly stable, poorly dissociated or weekly ionized compound

A

Chelation

72
Q

This theory states that both the enamel and dentin is attacked simultaneously

A

Proteolysis Chelation Theory

73
Q

What are the drawbacks of the proteolysis chelation theory

A

Increased caries incidence with increased sugar consumption
Decreased caries incidence following the topical or systemic administration of fluoride
The cause of dental caries is not only due to the presence of the chelating agent

74
Q

They made the Sucrose Chelation Theory

A

Egglers - Laura

75
Q

In the sucrose chelation theory, the uptake of PO4 (phosphate) by plaque bacteria occurs when?

A

Glycolysis and synthesis of polyphosphates

76
Q

This theory states that sucrose itself can cause dissolution of enamel by forming ionized calcium saccharate

A

Sucrose Chelation Theory

77
Q

This states that all plaque are pathogenic

A

Nonspecific Plaque hypothesis

78
Q

This states that plaque is pathogenic only if associated with clinical disease

A

Specific Plaque Hypothesis

79
Q

This states that a certain change in the environment of the residential plaque flora provides pathogenicity to specific species that produce the disease at only specific sites

A

Ecological Plaque Hypothesis

Cariology (5 decks)

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