Intro To Cardiovascular And Pulmonary PT

Question 1

Oxygen Consumption

Answer 1

VO2

Question 2

Oxygen Delivery

Answer 2

DO2

Question 3

Arterial O2 x CO

Answer 3

DO2

Question 4

(ArterialO2-venousO2)xCO

Answer 4

VO2

Question 5

Oxygen extraction ration

Answer 5

Consumption / delivery

Question 6

VO2/DO2

Answer 6

OER

Question 7

Is DO2 is based on the demands of the tissues…

At rest, DO2 is _____ greater than the actual demand

Answer 7

3-4x

Question 8

_____O2 is transported in combination with hemoglobin

Answer 8

98%

Question 9

O2 binds to ______ on the hemoglobin molecule

Answer 9

Heme

Question 10

An imbalance between intra and extra vascular fluid can impact _____ which in turn impacts the function of _____

Answer 10

Electrolytes

Organs

Question 11

Steps in O2 transport

Answer 11

1. Air quality
2. Airways
3. Lungs and chest wall
4. Diffusion
5. Perfusion
6. Myocardial function
7. Peripheral Circulation
8. Tissue Extraction & Utilization of Oxygen
9. Return of partially saturated blood & CO2 to lungs

Question 12

Composition of air

Answer 12

79% Nitrogen
21% O2
.03% CO2

Question 13

What happens to alveoli in dry environments

Answer 13

Loss of mucus covering, erosion, and infection

Question 14

Mechanics of chest wall during inspiration

Answer 14

External intercostals - elevate ribs

Diaphargm - depress inferior wall of the thoracic cavity

Question 15

Though expiration is a passive process, if muscles are used, what are they and their mechanisms?

Answer 15

Internal intercostals - compress and lower ribs

Abdominals - compress the abdominal cavity which elevates the abdominal organs and passively elevates the diaphragm

Question 16

Diffusion

Answer 16

Transfer of oxygen from alveolar sacs to pulmonary circulation

Question 17

5 things diffusion based on

Answer 17

1. SA of alveolar capillary membrane
2. Diffusing capacity of alveolar-capillary membrane
3. Pulmonary capillary blood volume
4. Ventilation/perfusion ratio
5. Transit time of blood in alveolar capillary membrane

Question 18

Amount of o2 that diffuses across alveolar-capillary membrane varies directly with ____ and inversely with _____

Answer 18

SA

Thickness

Question 19

Cardiac output components

Answer 19

Preload,force,rate of contraction,after load

Question 20

Cardiac measures of impairment

Answer 20

HR and Ejection Fraction

Question 21

Inotropic effect of heart

Answer 21

Force of contraction

Question 22

Chronotropic effect of cardiac output

Answer 22

Rate of contraction

Question 23

Large vessels contain

Answer 23

Elastic and connective tissue

Question 24

Medium to small vessels

Answer 24

Have more smooth muscle

Question 25

_______ regulate blood flow through regional vascular beds

Answer 25

Arterioles

Question 26

Intracellular PO2 averages _____

Answer 26

23 mmHg

Question 27

Pressure needed for cell metabolism

Answer 27

3 mm Hg

Question 28

OER at rest

Answer 28

23%

Question 29

T/F Rate of O2 extraction is regulated by availability

Answer 29

FALSE - it is regulated by demand

Question 30

Last step of O2 transport

Answer 30

Return of partially desaturated blood and CO2 to the lungs

Question 31

Myocardial infarction affects which step

Answer 31

Myocardial function

Question 32

GXT

Answer 32

Graded Exercise Test