Intro to Business Information Systems: Ch 9

Question 1

manager decision making challenges

Answer 1

need to analyze large amounts of information, need to make decisions quickly, and must apply sophisticated analysis techniques for strategic decisions

Question 2

decision making process

Answer 2

1. Problem Identification
2. Data Collection
3. Solution Generation
4. Solution Test
5. Solution Selection
6. Solution Implementation

Question 3

operational level decisions

Answer 3

develop, control, and maintain core business activities required for day to day operations

Question 4

operational decisions

Answer 4

affect how firm is run day to day

Question 5

structured decisions

Answer 5

arise in situations where established processes offer potential solutions

Question 6

managerial level decisions

Answer 6

continuously evaluating company operations to hone firms ability to identify, adapt, and leverage change

Question 7

managerial decisions

Answer 7

concern how the organizations would achieve goals and objectives set by strategy and responsible for mid level management

Question 8

semistructured decisions

Answer 8

occur in situations in which few established processes help evaluate potential solutions but not enough to lead to recommended decisions

Question 9

strategic level decisions

Answer 9

develop overall business strategies, goals, and objectives as a part of the company’s strategic plan

Question 10

strategic decisions

Answer 10

involve higher level issues concerning overall direction of the organization

Question 11

unstructured decisions

Answer 11

no procedures or rules exist to guide decision makers to the correct choice

Question 12

model

Answer 12

simplified representation or abstraction of reality

Question 13

Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)

Answer 13

capturing of transaction or event information using technology to process information according to the defined business rules, store the information, and update existing information to reflect new information

Question 14

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

Answer 14

basic business system that serves operational level analysts in an organization

Question 15

source documents

Answer 15

describes original transaction records

Question 16

Decision Support System (DSS)

Answer 16

models information using OLAP which provides assistance in evaluating and choosing among different courses of action

Question 17

Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)

Answer 17

manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making

Question 18

Executive Information System (EIS)

Answer 18

specialized DSS supports senior level executives within the organization

Question 19

granularity

Answer 19

refers to the level of detail in the model or decision making process

Question 20

infographic

Answer 20

representation of information to make data easily understandable at a glance

Question 21

visualization

Answer 21

produces graphical displays of patterns and complex relations in large amounts of data

Question 22

infographic types

Answer 22

bar chart, histogram (groups numbers into ranges), pie chart, time series chart, sparkling (small embedded line graph illustrates a single trend with no axes or labels as the context comes from the related content)

Question 23

digital dashboard

Answer 23

tracks KPIs and CSFs by compiling information from multiple sources and tailoring it to meet user needs

Question 24

analytical capabilities of the digital dashboard

Answer 24

consolidation (aggregation), drill down (reverse aggregation), slice and dice (view from different perspectives), pivot (rotates data to display alternative presentations of data)

Question 25

expert systems

Answer 25

computerized advisory programs imitate reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems

Question 26

algorithms

Answer 26

math formulas placed in software that performs analysis on datasets

Question 27

genetic algorithm

Answer 27

AI system that mimics evolutionary or survival of the fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to problems

Question 28

machine learning

Answer 28

a type of AI that enable s computers to understand concepts in the environment and learn

Question 29

supervised machine learning

Answer 29

training model from input data and corresponding labels

Question 30

unsupervised machine learning

Answer 30

training model to find patterns in a dataset (typically an unlabeled dataset)

Question 31

transfer machine learning

Answer 31

transfers information from one machine to another

Question 32

data augmentation

Answer 32

when adding additional training examples by transforming existing samples

Question 33

overfitting

Answer 33

when machine learning model matches training data so closely that the model fails to make correct predictions on new data

Question 34

underfitting

Answer 34

machine learning model that has poor predictive abilities because it did not learn complexity in the training data

Question 35

affinity bias

Answer 35

tendency to hire those with similar interests, experiences, or background

Question 36

conformity bias

Answer 36

conforming regardless of personal views

Question 37

confirmation bias

Answer 37

looking for evidence that supports preconceived notions

Question 38

name bias

Answer 38

tendency to prefer certain types of names

Question 39

measurement bias

Answer 39

problem with data collected that skews the data in one direction

Question 40

prejudice bias

Answer 40

result of training data influenced by culture and stereotypes

Question 41

sample bias

Answer 41

problem in using incorrect training data to train machines

Question 42

variance bias

Answer 42

math property of an algorithm

Question 43

neural networks

Answer 43

category of AI that attempts to emulate the way the human brain works

Question 44

fuzzy logic

Answer 44

math method for handling imprecise and subjective information

Question 45

black box algorithms

Answer 45

process that cannot be easily understood or explained

Question 46

deep learning

Answer 46

employs specialized algorithms to model and study complex data sets or to establish relationships among data or datasets

Question 47

reinforcement learning

Answer 47

training machine learning models to make sequences of data

Question 48

virtual reality

Answer 48

computer simulated real or imaginary environment

Question 49

augmented reality

Answer 49

viewing the physical world with a computer generated layer of information added