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MD2001 Week 1 lectures > Intro to body > Flashcards

Intro to body Flashcards

Learning outcomes - Correctly use anatomical terminology for relative positions and planes - Describe the basic structure and function of the skin - Describe the main body cavities and their formation - Describe the visceral and parietal membranes of body cavities and their formation - Describe the major features of the axial and appendicular skeleton - Describe the main divisions of the nervous system and their function

1
Q

Where is the radial artery located

A
  • Sandwiched between the skin of the wrist and the underlying bone ( radius )
  • The funny bone is the ulnar nerve
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2
Q

Explain the anatomical position

A
  • Palms anteriorly
  • Feet together
  • Upper limbs are on each side
  • Thumbs away from body
  • Face forward
  • Stand upright
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3
Q

Peripheral and central

A

Peripheral – away from the centre

Central – at or close to the centre

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4
Q

Dexter and sinister

A

Dexter – right side

Sinister - left side

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5
Q

Ipsilateral and contralateral

A

Ipsilateral – situated and or appearing on or affecting the same side of the body

Contralateral – occurring on or acting in conjuction with the opposite side of the body

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6
Q

uni lateral and bi lateral

A

Unilateral – of , relating to, or affecting one side of a subject , one sided

Bi lateral – of, relating to, affecting the right and left sides of the body

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7
Q

Cranium

A

skull

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8
Q

cephalon

A

head

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9
Q

cervix

A

neck

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10
Q

truncus

A

body

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11
Q

extreme=ity

A

limb

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12
Q

costa

A

rib

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13
Q

brachium

A

arm

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14
Q

antebrachium

A

forearm

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15
Q

Digit

A

finger or toe

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16
Q

oculus

A

eye

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17
Q

frons

A

forehead

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18
Q

oris

A

mouth

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19
Q

mamma

A

breast

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20
Q

auris

A

ear

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21
Q

facies

A

face

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22
Q

axilla

A

armpit

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23
Q

carpus

A

wrist

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24
Q

Palma

A

Palm

25
Q

Manus

A

hand

26
Q

umbilicus

A

belly button

27
Q

thoracis

A

chest

28
Q

bucca

A

cheek

29
Q

pes

A

foot

30
Q

tarsus

A

ankle

31
Q

digits

A

fingers

32
Q

antecubis

A

elbow

33
Q

mental

A

chin

34
Q

nasus

A

nose

35
Q

crus

A

leg

36
Q

patella

A

knee cap

37
Q

pollex

A

thumb

38
Q

Bucca

A

cheek

39
Q

inguen

A

groin

40
Q

hallux

A

great toe

41
Q

olecranon

A

back of elbow

42
Q

lumbus

A

lumbar

43
Q

sura

A

calf

44
Q

calcaneus

A

heel of foot

45
Q

what type of joint are the sutures on the head

A

syvonoil joins

46
Q

Types of planes

A

Saggital, coronal, transverse

47
Q

skin

A

Skin

  • Largest organ
  • Weighs roughly 4kg
  • Covers an area close to 2m squared
  • Source of house dust
  • Many important functions

1E2D3S

Sensory receptors in skin are for?

Pain , temp, pressure, touch , proprioception

Name things in the skin

Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous fat, blood vessels, sweat glands, pain receptors, hair follicles

Two types of sweat glands

Merocrine sweat glands – acidic – since birth

Apocrine – alkaline – onset at puberty

Langers lines – lines of tension – best to make incisions within the langers lines to avoid risks of not good stitches – tend to spiral longitudinally In the limbs

48
Q

Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

A

Ectoderm – forms neural tube that goes onto spinal cord

Mesoderm forms cardiovascular system and forms cavities

Ectoderm forms reproductive systems and gastrointestinal tract

Folding is in two directions – head to toe – cephalocaudal

Endoderm is pinched off to form the gastro intestinal tube

The lateral folds close the body and enclose the body cavities

FOLDS HEAD TO TAIL AND SIDE TO SIDE The cavities are potential spaces around the heart ( pericardium ), lungs ( pleura ), and gastro intestinal tracts ( peritoneum )

49
Q

Cavities and what they protect

Why does the body not like spaces and what do spaces most likely cause?

A

The cavities are potential spaces around the heart ( pericardium ), lungs ( pleura ), and gastro intestinal tracts ( peritoneum )

Cranial cavity, protective supportive box for brain and meninges

Pleural cavities for lungs

Pericardial cavity for heart

Abdominopelvic cavity for gastro intestinal and reproductive tracts

Cavities are lined with serous, slippery membranes. Potential spaces for movement and distension

The body HATES spaces as they are room for infection and inflammation

Examples

  • Pleurisy
  • Pericarditis
  • Peritonitis
  • Sinusitis
  • Mastoidis
  • Meningitis

Visceral layers are on organs

Parietal layers are against the wall of the cavity – the potential space is lined with fluid lubricated by a few mls of serous fluid ( pleura, pericardium, peritoneum)

50
Q

Fascial spaces in terms of the knee

A
51
Q

How is the skeleton compromised of and sectioned

A

The skeleton is compromised of bone and cartilage ( usually hyaline )

It is described as axial, skull vertebrae including sacrum, ribs and sternum AND appendicular – bones of upper and lower limbs including the scapula and clavicle ( pectoral girdle) and hip bone ( pelvic girdle )

Head is the cephalon and the brain is the encephalon

52
Q

Spinal cord

  • In the spinal canal
  • Arranged segmentaly
  • 33 ( ish ) pairs of nerves

The ANS and the SNS

SNS

  • Innervates skeletal muscles, skin, oral and nasal cavities – sensory and motor

ANS

  • Controls rhe functions of smooth muscles, glands, internal organs and blood S2-4 cord segments
A
53
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54
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Q
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56
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58
Q
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MD2001 Week 1 lectures (7 decks)

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