INTRO TO BIOSTAT

Question 1

u The
scientific
discipline
concerned
with
the
application
of
statistical
methods
to
problems
in
biology
or
medicine
u A
body
of
methods
in
analyzing
data

Answer 1

Biostatistics

Question 2

– A set of statistical techniques whose main objective is to summarize(sentiments, opinions) and present data in a form(graphs) that will make them easier to analyze and interpret – Example: vital statistics

Answer 2

Descriptive Statistics

Question 3

Vital statistic – a data of a bigger data -­‐ Incidence rate, Prevalence rate, Mortality Rate -­‐ Surveys, Polls, “Family Feud”

Answer 3

Descriptive statistics

Question 4

– A branch of Statistics concerned with making estimates, predictions, generalizations and conclusions about a target population based on information from a sample

– Foundation of

of the concept of inference is the theory of probability

Answer 4

Inferential Statistics

Question 5

Prevalence of Hypertension among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type II in A Tertiary Hospital: A 5-­‐Year Retrospective Study –

Answer 5

Descriptive

Question 6

Development/Probability of Hypertension among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type II in A Tertiary Hospital: A 5-­‐Year Retrospective Study -­‐

Answer 6

Inferential

Question 7

Lavender Oil in the Management of Anxiety -­‐

Answer 7

Inferential

Question 8

The Effects of Lavender Oil in the Management of Anxiety –

Answer 8

Descriptive

Question 9

How many are using Lavender Oil in the Management of Anxiety? -­‐

Answer 9

Descriptive

Question 10

Incidence of Leptospirosis in the Philippines -­‐

Answer 10

Descriptive

Question 11

Akapulko as Adjunct Treatment in the Management of Tinea Pedis -­‐

Answer 11

Inferential

Question 12

A Post-­‐Marketing Surveillance Study on Chlorhexidine (Oracare): Safety and Efficacy –

Answer 12

both Descriptive (70%) and Inferential (30%)

Question 13

INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

Answer 13

1. Estimation
   a. Point estimate Eg. Sa Long jump, 5m ang kaya niyang italon. Ideally better.
   b. Interval estimate Eg. Sa Long Jump, 4.5-­‐5.5 and kayang talunin ng long jumper. Usually used,
2. Hypothesis Testing May hypothesis. Kaya ba niya tumalon ng malayo?

Question 14

PROCESSES INVOLVED IN INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

Answer 14

1. Statement of an objective (What do you want to do, what do you want to infer about?)
2. Data Collection
   a. Measurement
   b. Methods of data collection
   c. Sampling
3. Analysis and Interpretation
4. Drawing Inferences regarding the population

Question 15

USES OF STATISTICS

Answer 15

1. A data reduction technique -­‐ solving for the Average, Median, Mode etc.
2. A tool for objective appraisal and evaluation
3. A tool in the decision making process -­‐Election

Question 16

APPLICATION OF STATISTICS

Answer 16

1. Public Health Statistics – for planning and monitoring of health status
2. Vital Statistics – data related to events (Birth, marriage, death) 3. Health Statistics – health status of individual or community
3. Hospital Statistics (Census)

Question 17

NATURE OF STATISTICAL DATA

Answer 17

1. Expressed numerically
2. Treated as a mass or group of observations
3. Subject to variation

Question 18

: total enumeration of all elements to which a research is to be applied

Answer 18

Population

Question 19

: the complete collection of elements that is on interest to the investigators

Answer 19

Target Population

Question 20

: A collection of elements from which the sample was actually taken

Answer 20

Sampled Population

Question 21

: the list of elements in the sampled population Population –

Answer 21

Sampling frame

Question 22

way paano nagarrive sa sample population. -­‐ Chineck ng researcher ang health status or annual PE ng students kung malabo ang mata or nagpapacute lang or tatanungin ung LO kung sino talaga ung Malabo mata or nagpapacute lang.

Answer 22

Sampling frame

Question 23

u Allows researchers to collect more accurate data of greater scope at a reduced cost and at greater speed.

u More efficient / more feasible

Answer 23

SAMPLING

Question 24

: Elements of the population that were sampled

Sampled Population – Lahat na merong criteria/elements ng population ay kasali may nakasalamin na Malabo mata, may Malabo ang mata na nakacontact, nakasalamin na nagpapacute lang. Sampl

Answer 24

Sampling units

Question 25

Elements from which measurements were derived

– ung mga nakasalamin na totoong malabo ung mata, iinom ng optin na gamot.

Answer 25

Observation units:

Question 26

– random selection, with reduced bias or partiality

u Representativeness is assumed (may balance ung mga population)

u Best approach for clinical trials

Answer 26

Probability sampling methods

Question 27

: the process of choosing a random sample from the target population -­‐ everybody gets an equal chance, fish bowl

Answer 27

Random sampling

Question 28

: the method of assigning the sample into different treatment groups in an experimental study.

Also termed “randomization” -­‐ sang intervention ilalagay ung selected population

Answer 28

Random allocation