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AnP > Intro to Bioscience > Flashcards

Intro to Bioscience Flashcards

1
Q

What organs are in the epigastrium region?

A

Stomach, Liver

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2
Q

What organs are in the right hypochondriac region?

A

Liver, Gallbladder

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3
Q

What organs are in the left hypochondriac region?

A

Spleen, Stomach

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4
Q

What organs are in the umbilical region?

A

Intestine

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5
Q

What organs are in the left lumbar region?

A

Left kidney, Intestine

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6
Q

What organs are in the right lumbar region?

A

Right kidney, Intestine

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7
Q

What organs are in the hypogastric region?

A

Urinary bladder, Uterus

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8
Q

What organs are in the right iliac region?

A

Appendix, Intestine, Ovaries

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9
Q

What organs are in the left iliac region?

A

Intestine, Ovaries

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10
Q

The patient was having pain in his right flanks and has a history of renal stones.

Which organ is affected? Which abdominal region?

A

Kidney, Right Lumbar

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11
Q

The patient was having pain in his lower abdomen, pain while passing urine.

Which organ is affected? Which abdominal region?

A

Urinary bladder, Hypogastrium

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12
Q

What is the anatomical position?

A

Standing straight, face forward, hands by the side, thumb facing outward, feet together facing forward

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13
Q

What is the supine position?

A

Face up

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14
Q

What is the prone position?

A

Face down

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15
Q

What is anterior?

A

In front

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16
Q

What is posterior?

A

Behind

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17
Q

How is nose related to ears?

A

Nose is anterior to ears

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18
Q

How is tongue related to vertebrae?

A

Tongue is anterior to vertebrae

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19
Q

How is nasal cavity to the brain?

A

Nasal cavity is anterior to brain

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20
Q

How is vertebrae related to thyroid cartilage?

A

Vertebrae is posterior to thyroid cartilage

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21
Q

Another term for anterior

A

Ventral

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22
Q

Another term for posterior

A

Dorsal

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23
Q

What is inferior?

A

Away from the head

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24
Q

What is superior?

A

Toward the head, end of body

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25
Q

What is another term for inferior?

A

Caudal

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26
Q

What is another term for superior?

A

Cranial

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27
Q

How is lungs related to liver?

A

Lungs are superior to the liver

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28
Q

How is intestine related to heart?

A

Intestines are inferior to the heart

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29
Q

How is mouth related to eyes?

A

Mouth is inferior to the eyes

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30
Q

What is medial?

A

Towards the midline of the body

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31
Q

What is lateral?

A

Away from the midline of the body

32
Q

How is nose related to ears?

A

Nose is medial to ears; Nose is anterior to ears

33
Q

How is heart related to lungs?

A

Heart is medial to lungs; Heart is deep to the lungs

34
Q

How is ears related to cheek?

A

Ears are lateral to cheek

35
Q

How is chin related to ear?

A

Chin is medial to ear

36
Q

How is neck related to ear?

A

Neck is medial to ear

37
Q

How is trachea related to lungs?

A

Trachea is medial to the lungs

38
Q

What is proximal?

A

close to body; refer to limbs only

39
Q

What is distal?

A

away from the body; refer to limbs only

40
Q

How is the shoulder joint related to the elbow joint?

A

the shoulder joint is proximal to the elbow joint

41
Q

How is the wrist joint related to the the elbow joint?

A

The wrist bone is distal to the elbow joint

42
Q

How is the knee joint related to the ankle joint?

A

The knee joint is proximal to the ankle joint

43
Q

How is the ankle joint related to the knee joint?

A

The ankle joint is distal to the knee joint

44
Q

What does superficial mean?

A

Nearer to the surface of the body

45
Q

What does deep mean?

A

Away from the surface of the body

46
Q

How does the skin relate to the liver?

A

Skin is superficial to the liver

47
Q

How does the skin or muscles relate to the bones?

A

The skin and muscles are superficial to the bones

48
Q

How is wrist related to the hands?

A

Wrist is proximal to the hands

49
Q

How is pubis related to the femur?

A

Pubis is medial to the femur

50
Q

How is heart related to stomach?

A

Heart is deep to the stomach

51
Q

Sagittal

A

Divide into right and left

52
Q

Frontal (Coronal)

A

Divide into back and front

53
Q

Transverse

A

Divide into top and bottom

54
Q

Homeostasis definition

A

Existence of a stable internal environment

55
Q

Which systems control homeostasis?

A

Neuro and endocrine

56
Q

How is homeostasis maintained?

A

Feedback mechanisms

57
Q

Sensor

A

Senses variable, receive info

58
Q

Control center

A

Process info, what to do next

59
Q

Effector

A

Feedback to body system on what needs to be done, acts on it

60
Q

Thirsty as stimulus

A

Eyes as receptor, Brain as control center, Arm muscle as effector

61
Q

Negative feedback

A

Effector will work in such a way that the initial stimulus is discouraged

62
Q

Positive feedback

A

Effector will work in such a way that the stimulus is encouraged

63
Q

Example of negative feedback

A

Increase body temp., Sweat, Decreased body temp.

64
Q

Blood glucose homeostasis

A

Pancreas as receptor, control centre, effector — insulin released.

Blood glucose falls —- pancreas release glycogen— liver breaks down glycogen—blood glucose rise

65
Q

Breastfeeding is a….

A

positive feedback

66
Q

Breastfeeding homeostasis

A

Baby sucks mother’s nipple is stimulus, Nerves is receptor, Hypothalamus is control centre, Muscles is effector

67
Q

Blood vessel injury homeostasis

A

Blood clotting, cells going to affected area

68
Q

Blood clotting is a….

A

positive feedback

69
Q

Childbirth is a….

A

positive feedback

70
Q

Anatomy is…

A

the structure, how it is constructed

71
Q

Physiology is…

A

the function, how it works

72
Q

gross anatomy consists of

A

regional, systemic and surface

73
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

74
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

75
Q

gross anatomy definition

A

structures examined without a microscope

76
Q

microscopic anatomy definition

A

structures seen with a microscope

AnP (5 decks)

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