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Behavioral Medicine I > Intro to Behavioral Medicine > Flashcards

Intro to Behavioral Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Accountable Care Model

A
  1. Pay healthcare providers to work together

2. Reduce unnecessary illnesses and costs

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2
Q

What are the five diagnoses Carilion is focusing on to help reduce admissions?

A

Diabetes, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, mild congestive heart failure, and hypertension.

Carilion is

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3
Q

How is Carilion working to reduce unnecessary hospital admissions?

A
  1. Providing better outpatient care to pt with chronic conditions
  2. Focusing on education and prevention through pt lifestyle changes
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4
Q

What percent of the adult population has diabetes?

A

As of 2014, 12% of the population has diabetes. This number is on the rise.

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5
Q

What percentage of adults and children have asthma?

A

Adults: 7%
Children: 8%

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6
Q

What population is most affected by COPD?

A
  1. Adults in nursing homes (11%)

2. Noninstitutionalized adults with chronic bronchitis (4%)

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7
Q

What percentage of adults 18 and older have heart disease?

A

11%

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8
Q

What percentage of adults 65 and older have heart disease?

A

30%

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9
Q

What percentage of the population has hypertension?

A

32% of adults 20 and over

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10
Q

Is cigarette smoking on the rise?

A

Cigarette smoking is declining, while e-cigeratte smoking is on the rise. The highest usage of e-cigarette smoking is high school aged children.

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11
Q

What percentage of the population exercises regularly?

A

20%

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12
Q

What is considered an obese BMI? What percentage of the adult and youth population is obese?

A

Greater than or = to 30. 35% of adults and 17% of youth are considered obese. These numbers are on the rise.

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13
Q

What percentage of the population is considered overweight and obese?

A

68%, this number is on the rise.

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14
Q

What is considered an overweight BMI?

A

Greater than or equal to 25, less than 30.

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15
Q

What is the definition of behavioral medicine?

A

A field concerned with the development of behavioral science knowledge and techniques relevant to the understanding of physical health and illness, and the APPLICATION of this knowledge and techniques to prevent illness, diagnose, treat, and rehabilitate patients.

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16
Q

What two fields combined to create behavioral medicine?

A

Psychology and medicine

17
Q

Describe how shamans in the “distant past” approached medicine?

A
  1. No distinction between mind and body or enviornment
  2. Tx: behavioral changes, diet changed, altered states, herbs, surgeries, manipulation of physical and social environments
18
Q

Describe how medicine was approached during the 15th-12th centuries BC?

A
  1. Belief that everyone is entitled to health if they live moderately
  2. Illness treated by praying at temple
19
Q

When was medical knowledge first formalized?

A

During the development of western civilization.

20
Q

Describe how medicine was approached during the 12th-5th centuries BC.

A
  1. Physicians are educated males (priests, philosophers, scholars, physicians)
  2. Science plays a small role
  3. Illness treated with surgery, medication, rest, music, massage, and interpretation of dreams.
21
Q

Name two important man involved in the development of medicine during the 5th century BC to 5th century AD. Describe how they influenced their time.

A
  1. Hippocrates:
    - Eliminates reliance on supernatural
    - Promotes environmental, psychological and biological understanding of Dx and Tx
    - Creates systematic/scientific methods to approach clinical care
  2. Aristotle:
    - Study of psychology grows from his advancements
    - Believes body and soul are connected through temperament and influence each other
    - Studies animals and applies concepts to humans
22
Q

Who is the first “physician” in the modern sense of the word?

A

Hippocrates

23
Q

Describe medicine in the dark ages.

A

The Catholic Church is a major political force; creates idea that body and behavior are not connected.

Research/medicine limited to treating illnesses of the body ONLY.

24
Q

How did Decartes influence the 17th century AD?

A

He believed that soul and behavior were domains of God; that medical matters of illness were scientific and contained in the body. The view as a body being a “machine” is created. Large separation between mind and body.

25
Q

What developments were made regarding medicine during the Industrial Revolution, 18th century AD?

A

Overpopulated cities and poor work environments create new acute diseases. Connection between environment and health is reestablished; integrative. Interest in public health increases.

26
Q

Medical developments during the 19th and 20th centuries AD?

A

Acute disease science breakthroughs (surgeries, medicines, Abx, vaccinations, technology).

Reductionist mechanical model attains dogma; move away from integration model.

27
Q

How does today’s approach to medicine differ from that of the past?

A

Chronic disease has replaced acute disease as primary source of morality.

Understanding that environmental and lifestyle causes disease.

28
Q

What are the 5 factors that influenced the field of behavior medicine in the 70s?

A
  1. Increased chronic illnesses
  2. Behavioral Modification (50s) success
  3. Biofeedback (60s) success
  4. $$, Escalation of healthcare costs in 70s
  5. Failure of psychosomatic medicine (talk therapy)
29
Q

What happened in 1974 regarding BM?

A

Research/clinical programs developed in behavioral medicine at University of Pennsylvania and Stanford.

30
Q

What happened in 1977?

A

First behavioral medicine conference at Yale and the establishment of definition of Behavioral Medicine.

31
Q

What happened from 1978-1979?

A

Professional societies and journals established regarding behavioral medicine.

32
Q

What is the Biopsychosocial Model?

A

Holistic approach to treating patient illnesses.

33
Q

What was the cornerstone of behavioral medicine?

A

The biopsychosocial model

34
Q

What fields/areas combine to form the biopsychosocial model?

A

Biology, psychology, social (environmental). It looks at the individual as a whole; recognizing individual and cultural differences between people.

35
Q

What factors of biology are incorporated into the biopsychosocial model?

A

genetics, resilience, physical body

36
Q

what factors of psychology are incorporated into the biopsychosocial model?

A

personality, stage in lifecycle, ego, temperament, emotions, feelings, cognitions, faith, spiritual (prayer and life purpose), psychiatric history, relationships, habits, neurobiology, culture, beliefs, interpersonal functioning, thoughts towards illness/Tx

37
Q

What factors of social and environment influences are incorporated into the biopsychosocial model?

A

finances, work, social support, living situations, sociocultural (age, gender, ethnicity, social class, language)

38
Q

How does Neurobiology apply to psychology?

A

neural networks and neurochemical systems underlie complex behaviors

39
Q

What is the biomedical model?

A

Medical and biological aspects of patient illness. Physically approach pt illnesses.

Behavioral Medicine I (5 decks)

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