Intro To Battlefield Medicine Flashcards
What percentage of combat deaths occur in prehospital setting and what percentage are non-survivable?
87.3% prehospital, 75.7% non-survivable.
What percentage of survivable deaths where due to hemorrhage?
90.9%
What is the three categories of hemorrhage?
Extremity 13.5%, junctional 19.2%, truncal 67.3%
What are the three preventable causes of death?
Hemorrhage 90%, tension pneumothorax 2%, airway obstruction 8%.
What are the wound location percentages?
Extremities 60%, head and neck 25%, torso 9%.
What are the types of wounds in combat?
Explosion 73.7%, GSW 22.1%, other 4.2%.
What percentage of deaths are instantaneous, acute, and after reaching MTF?
35.2% instantaneous, 52.1% acute, 12.7% after MTF.
What percentage of spinal injuries require immobilization and what are the common indications?
1.4% require immobilization and indications can be MVA’s, falls greater than 15 feet, and IED blasts involving MRAPS.
What is the most significant obstacle to providing care? V
Enemy fire
Who decides if and when the casualty is evacuated?
The tactical leader
What are some painkiller options for mild to moderate pain?
Tylenol (acetaminophen) 2 500gm tabs every 8 hours, Meloxicam (mobic) 15mg daily.
What are some painkiller options for a casualty in moderate to severe pain not in shock or respiratory distress?
OTFC 800ug, IV morphine 5mg repeated as necessary every 10 minutes, Dsuvia 30mcg (newer and not common).
What painkiller should be used for a casualty in moderate to severe pain and in shock or respitory distress?
Ketamine either 50mg IM/intranasal, or 30mg slow IV, repeat 30 min for IM or IN and 20 for IV. Stop if development of nystagmus (back and forth eye movements).
What should be used for nausea or vomiting?
Zofran (indansetron) 4-8mg every 8 hours IV/IM/IO.
What are some antibiotics that can be used?
Moxifloxacin 400mg PO once a day, ertapenem 1gm IV/IO once a day.
Where is a WALK located and what is inside it?
Warrior aid and litter kit, a vehicle, contains a folding talon litter and first aid supplies for hemorrhage control and shock.
What are antibiotics not indicated for?
Burns, unless there is also penetrating trauma.
What are the goals of TCCC?
Complete the mission, prevent additional casualties, treat the casualty.
What is the first phase of TCCC?
Care under fire, at the scene of the injury, care is limited to hasty tourniquet.
What is the second phase of TCCC?
Tactical field care, when medic and casualty are no longer under fire.
What is the third phase of TCCC?
Tactical evacuation care, care rendered once casualty is picked up by another vehicle, such as treatment received by flight medics during transportation.
What does MARCH stand for?
Massive hemorrhage, airway, respiration, circulation, hypothermia.
What are role one capabilities?
Self/buddy aid, CLS, medical personal (combat medic, physician or PA).
What are role one organizations?
Battalion aid station, medical platoon.
