Control Bleeding

Question 1

What are the components of blood?

Answer 1

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets.

Question 2

What is formed over vessel injury as a result of clotting?

Answer 2

Fibrin net

Question 3

What are some factors that disrupt the clotting process?

Answer 3

Hypothermia, acidosis, hemodilution (to much fluids), medications, blood pressure.

Question 4

What is non-compressible hemorrhage and its locations?

Answer 4

Hemorrhage that cannot be compressed with direct pressure, wound packing, and pressure dressings. Located on chest, abdomen, and pelvis.

Question 5

How much can a typical adult bleed into each side of their chest?

Answer 5

1500 ml

Question 6

How much can a typical adult bleed into their abdomen?

Answer 6

10 liters

Question 7

How much can a typical adult bleed into one thigh?

Answer 7

One liter

Question 8

How effective are tourniquets on the forearm compared to the upper arm and lower leg to the thigh?

Answer 8

Forearm effectiveness 92%, upper arm 81%. Lower leg 100% effectiveness thigh 73%.

Question 9

What are the different types of tourniquets?

Answer 9

Improvised, CAT, SOFTT, emergency medical tourniquet, SAM junctional tourniquet.

Question 10

How should a deliberate tourniquet be applied?

Answer 10

Directly to skin, 2-3 inches above wound, not over joint, tightened until bleeding stops and distal pulse is absent.

Question 11

What types of gauze turn into a glue like material?

Answer 11

Celox gauze and chito gauze.

Question 12

What is the hemostatic dressings of choice?

Answer 12

IAE TCCC combat gauze

Question 13

When must TXA be given?

Answer 13

Within first 3 hours of injury.

Question 14

What are the 4 p’s of wound packing?

Answer 14

Peel, push, pile, pressure.

Question 15

Where is the anchor point for neck wound bandage?

Answer 15

Under axilla opposite shoulder.

Question 16

Where might axillary wounds require an anchor point?

Answer 16

Over the opposite shoulder against the neck.

Question 17

Where might inguinal wounds require an anchor?

Answer 17

Using causalities butt, thigh, or belt.

Question 18

How long should evacuation be delayed for you to change to another method of hemorrhage control?

Answer 18

Two hours.

Question 19

When should tourniquets not be converted?

Answer 19

If causality will arrive at surgical facility within 2 hours, if tourniquet had been in place for 6 or more hours, if there is an amputation.

Question 20

What conditions should be present to allow tourniquet control?

Answer 20

Wound has been exposed and assessed, tactical situation allows, there is enough time before the evacuation.