Control Bleeding Flashcards
What are the components of blood?
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets.
What is formed over vessel injury as a result of clotting?
Fibrin net
What are some factors that disrupt the clotting process?
Hypothermia, acidosis, hemodilution (to much fluids), medications, blood pressure.
What is non-compressible hemorrhage and its locations?
Hemorrhage that cannot be compressed with direct pressure, wound packing, and pressure dressings. Located on chest, abdomen, and pelvis.
How much can a typical adult bleed into each side of their chest?
1500 ml
How much can a typical adult bleed into their abdomen?
10 liters
How much can a typical adult bleed into one thigh?
One liter
How effective are tourniquets on the forearm compared to the upper arm and lower leg to the thigh?
Forearm effectiveness 92%, upper arm 81%. Lower leg 100% effectiveness thigh 73%.
What are the different types of tourniquets?
Improvised, CAT, SOFTT, emergency medical tourniquet, SAM junctional tourniquet.
How should a deliberate tourniquet be applied?
Directly to skin, 2-3 inches above wound, not over joint, tightened until bleeding stops and distal pulse is absent.
What types of gauze turn into a glue like material?
Celox gauze and chito gauze.
What is the hemostatic dressings of choice?
IAE TCCC combat gauze
When must TXA be given?
Within first 3 hours of injury.
What are the 4 p’s of wound packing?
Peel, push, pile, pressure.
Where is the anchor point for neck wound bandage?
Under axilla opposite shoulder.
Where might axillary wounds require an anchor point?
Over the opposite shoulder against the neck.
Where might inguinal wounds require an anchor?
Using causalities butt, thigh, or belt.
How long should evacuation be delayed for you to change to another method of hemorrhage control?
Two hours.
When should tourniquets not be converted?
If causality will arrive at surgical facility within 2 hours, if tourniquet had been in place for 6 or more hours, if there is an amputation.
What conditions should be present to allow tourniquet control?
Wound has been exposed and assessed, tactical situation allows, there is enough time before the evacuation.
