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Intro to pathobiology > Intro to Bacteria 2 > Flashcards

Intro to Bacteria 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

By asexual means, process called binary fission

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2
Q

What is binary fission?

A

Bacterial chromosome replicates to form 2 identical chromosomes
cell grows in size, wall and membrane grow inwards from middle of cell to form a septum
cell divides to form 2 identical daughter cells

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3
Q

Bacterial growth curve

A

tale 1 bacterial cell and add to culture medium, divides into two daughter cells, each divides into two, measure no. of cells over time to construct growth curve

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4
Q

What is the lag phase?

A

growth of individual cells but no increase in numbers

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5
Q

what is the log phase?

A

rapid cell growth and division, slope of line = growth rate of bacteria

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6
Q

what is the stationary phase?

A

nutrients are depleted and toxic products accumulate, rate of division equals rate of cell death

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7
Q

carbon source

A

autotroph - source carbon from atmospheric CO2
heterotrophs - source carbon from organic compounds
most pathogenic bacteria are heterotrophic

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8
Q

Nutrient requirements

A

macro - carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, iron, sulfur
micro - manganese, zinc, cobalt, molybdenum

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9
Q

What are growth factors?

A

factors that cannot be synthesized by the organism but are essential for growth
amino acids, purines/pyrimidines and vitamins

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10
Q

fastidious

A

require variety of growth factors

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11
Q

what is a culture medium

A

can be solid or liquid
grows, transports and stores microorganisms

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12
Q

What is agar?

A

sulfated polymer extracted from red algae
melts at 80 to 90, solidifies at 40 - 42
most m.o. cannot degrade it

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13
Q

Types of media

A

synthetic/defined
complex
selective
differential

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14
Q

what is a bacterial colony?

A

multiplication of a single bacterial cell following incubation

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15
Q

what is a pure culture?

A

a population of cells arising from a single cell
spread/streak technique

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16
Q

temperature requirements

A

thermophiles, greater than 45
psychrophiles/cryophiles, less than 10
mesophiles, 15 to 40
most pathogenic bacteria are mesophiles and grow best at body temp 37

17
Q

pH requirements

A

acidophiles
alkaliphiles
neutrophiles
most pathogens are neutrophiles and grow best around pH 7

18
Q

what are obligate aerobes?

A

cannot grow in absence of oxygen

19
Q

what are obligate anaerobes

A

can only grow in the absence of oxygen

20
Q

what are facultative anaerobes?

A

can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen and use it for respiration

21
Q

what are microaerophiles?

A

can use oxygen but only at low oxygen density

22
Q

what are aerotolerant organisms?

A

can grow in the presence of oxygen but do not use it for respiration

23
Q

How to generate anaerobic conditions?

A

use of special reducing agents, remove air with vacuum pump
GasPak, water is added to chemicals in an envelope to generate h2 and co2
o2 combines with h2 to form water

24
Q

What is quorum sensing?

A

phenomenon in which bacteria monitor their own population density through sending the levels of signal molecules
the concentration of signal molecules increases with the cell population until it reaches a critical level or quorum
bacteria then express quorum dependent genes, virulence factors

25
Q

Measurement of cell mass, Turbidity

A

measured using a spectrophotometer, amount of light scattered directly related to biomass of cells present and indirectly related to cell number.

26
Q

quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

A

measure genetic material of bacterial cell

27
Q

Physical methods to control bacterial growth

A

heat
low tmep
filtration
radiation

28
Q

What is disinfection?

A

aim to remove micro-organisms from environment
toxicity to host
anti-sepsis, remove micro-organisms from living tissue

29
Q

Disinfection factors

A

spectrum of activity
efficacy
cost
environmental effect
toxicity
contact time
work in organic matter
work in temperature

30
Q

Spaulding classification

A

bacterial endospores
myobacteria
non-enveloped, non-lipid
gram-negative bacteria
fungi
large non-enveloped viruses
gram-positive
enveloped-lipid viruses

31
Q

Disinfection programme

A

most modern disinfectants are mixtures of different chemicals
re-introduction of animals
farm setting
on-going monitoring

Intro to pathobiology (5 decks)

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