Intro to Antibiotics Flashcards
1st line Tx for endocarditis, Strep. pyogenes, oral anaeobres, syphilis, and Leptospira?
penicillins
What does amoxicillin and ampicillin cover that penicillin does not?
HELPS
H. influenzae, E. coli, Listeria, Proteus, and Salmonella
True or False: Penicillin- resistant penicillins are active against MRSA and enterococcus?
False
The 1st line therapy for cholecystitis, ascending cholangitis, pyelonephritis, and bacteremia with Gram negative is what class?
Piperacillin, ticarcillin, azlocillin, and mezlocillin
True or false: If you have an allergy to PCN, you should not use a cephalosporin?
False (unless it’s anaphylaxis)
What organisms are resistant to all forms of cephalosporins?
Listeria
MRSA (except Ceftaroline)
Enterococcus
Of the cephalosporins, which drugs cover anaerobes?
cefotetan and cefoxitin
Avoid using ceftriaxone in which patient populations?
Neonates (don’t have developed biliary metabolism)
Cirrhotic pts (same as neonate reasoning)
Which 3rd gen. cephalosporin has pseudomonal coverage?
ceftazidime
What are the side effects of cephalosporins?
cefoxitin and cefotetan - deplete PT –> increase bleeding risk
ceftriaxone –> can accumulate if don’t have good liver metabolism
Which carbapenem does not have pseudomonal coverage?
ertapenem
Aztreonam has good coverage for which organisms?
gram negative bacilli and pseudomonas (ONLY)
What is a pro for using aztreonam?
NO cross-reaction with PCN
Which drug can be used as a single agent for diverticulosis?
Moxifloxacin
What are known side effects of fluoroquinolones?
Bone growth abnormalities in children and prego
Tendonitis and Achilles tendon rupture
Which group of drugs are aminoglycosides synergistic with?
beta-lactam antibiotics
What are known side effects of aminoglycosides?
ototoxic and nephrotoxic
What are known side effects of doxycycline?
tooth discoloration (children), Fanconi syndrome (Type II RTA proximal), photosensitivity, and esophagitis/ulcer
What are known side effects of TMP/SMX?
rash
hemolysis in G6PD deficiency
bone marrow suppression
Why does TMP/SMX cause bone marrow suppression?
it is a folate antagonist
Beta-lactam/Beta-lactamase combos are first line treatment for what type of infection?
mouth and GI abscesses
What are antibiotics to treat major MRSA infections?
vancomycin linezolid daptomycin tigecycline caftaroline telavancin
What are antibiotics to treat minor MRSA infections?
TMP/SMX
Doxycycline
Clindamycin
Linezolid
What is a known side effect of linezolid?
Reversible bone marrow toxicity (decreased PLTS)
What is a known side effect of daptomycin?
Elevated CPK
What are best choice drugs for abdominal/GI infections?
Metronidazole
Beta-lactam/lactamase combinations
What drugs cover gram negative bacilli?
Quinolones Aminoglycosides Carbapenems Piperacillin, Ticarcillin Aztreonam Cephalosporins
