Intro To Animals

Question 1

Define Animal

Answer 1

multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophs who’s cells lack cell walls.
They feed, respire, reproduce, respond, circulate, extcrete, move and feed.

Question 2

Define Division of Labour

give an example

Answer 2

When an animals cells are complex to the point where they have different roles - specialized cells

eg. skin cells, blood cells, eye cells, etc.

Question 3

Define Invertebrate

give an example

Answer 3

Animals that lack a backbone or vertebral column.

eg. worm, jellyfish, insects, etc.

Question 4

What must animals do to survive?

Answer 4

Feeding, Movement, Circulation, Response, Reproduction, Respiration, and Excretion.

Question 5

What are the trends to animal evolution?

Answer 5

Body symmetry, Cell Specialization, Early Development, Cephalization, and Body Cavity Formation.

Question 6

Describe Feeding

Answer 6

Food is ingested, not absorbed
Symbiotic Relationship
Food depends on animals diet

Question 7

Describe Excretion

Answer 7

excretory system to eliminate or convert ammonia into a less toxic substance that is removed from the body. (helps maintain homeostasis

Question 8

Describe Circulation

Answer 8

small aquatic animals - rely on diffusion to transport oxygen, nutrients and waste among their cells (skin is thin)
larger animals - circulatory system to move materials around within their bodies

Question 9

Describe Movement

Answer 9

muscles or muscle like tissues that generate force by becoming shorter (whether they move or not)

• skeleton
• helps sedentary feed and pump water/fluids through body

Question 10

Describe Response

Answer 10

Nerve cells hook together to form a nervous system (in most animals)
Receptors respond to sound, light and other stimuli
Arrangement of nerve cells vary from phylum to phylum

Question 11

Describe Respiration

Answer 11

Taking in oxygen, releasing carbon dioxide

Most animals have tissue or organ systems, some rely on diffusion through thin skin

Question 12

Describe Reproduction

Answer 12

sexual reproduction
-producing haploid gametes
-genetic diversity
-allows for evolution
asexual reproduction
-invertebrates
-identical to parent (clone)
-increases population rapidly

Question 13

Describe Body Symmetry

Answer 13

• simple animals, eg. sea anemone, have body parts that repeat around the centre of the body (radial symmetry)
• body divides into two equal halves (bilateral symmetry)
• (segmentation) anterior and posterior end, vental and dorsal side

Question 14

Describe Cell Specialization

Answer 14

Certain cells are specialized to carry out different functions, tissues join to form organs and organ systems

Question 15

Describe Body Cavity Formation

Answer 15

fluid filled space that lies between the digestive tract and body walls
allows for specialized regions to develop and makes room for internal organs to grow and expand

Question 16

Describe Early Development

Answer 16

cells of animal embryos divide to produce a hollow ball of cells called a blastula. Blastopore forms in this ball.
Protostomes - blastopore develops into mouth
Deuterostomes - blastopore develops into anus

Question 17

Describe Cephalization

Answer 17

the concentration of sense cells and nerve cells in the front end of the body (most with bilateral symmetry)
-makes response quicker

Question 18

Define Anterior

Answer 18

Front End (head)

Question 19

Define Posterior

Answer 19

Back End

Question 20

Define Dorsal

Answer 20

Up Side

Question 21

Define Ventral

Answer 21

Bottom Side

Question 22

Define Oral Side

Answer 22

Side of the body with the mouth

Question 23

Define Aboral Side

Answer 23

Opposite side of the body to the mouth