Intro to Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
Define “Anatomy”
The study of the structure of living things.
“Dissection”
Define “Physiology”
The study of the function of living things.
“Study of Nature”
List the levels of organization of the body
i) Atoms (e.g. atom of carbon)
ii) Molecules (e.g. glucose)
iii) Cells (e.g. white blood cell)
iv) Tissues (e.g. muscle tissue)
v) Organs (e.g. small intestine)
vi) Systems (e.g. digestive tract)
vii) Organism (e.g. human)
Integumentary System
Provides protection, regulates body temperature, site of cutaneous receptors, synthesizes vitamin D, prevents water loss.
(Skin and associated glands, hair, nails)
Skeletal System
Provides support and protection, site of hemopoiesis, stores calcium and phosphorus, provides sites for muscle attachments.
(Bones and Cartilage)
Muscular System
Produces body movement, generates heat when muscle contract.
(Muscles and tendons)
Nervous System
A regulatory system that controls body movement, responds to sensory stimuli, and helps control all other systems of the body. Also responsible for consciousness, intelligence, and memory.
(Sense organs, CNS, and PNS)
Endocrine System
Consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones, some of which regulate body and cellular growth, chemical levels in the body, and reproductive functions.
(Testes, Ovaries, Pancreas, Kidneys, Thyroid, Adrenal glands, Thymus, Thyroid, Pituitary, Pineal Gland, Hypothalamus)
Cardiovascular System
Consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. The heart moves blood through blood vessels in order to distribute hormones, nutrients, and gases. Transports waste products.
(Heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries)
Lymphatic System
Transports and filters lymph and initiates an immune response when necessary.
(Lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, lymph vessels)
Respiratory System
Responsible for exchange of gases between blood and the air in the lungs.
(Lungs, bronchi, larynx, pharynx, nose)
Digestive System
Mechanically and chemically digests food materials, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products.
(Oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, small/large intestine.)
Urinary System
Filters the blood and removes waste products from the blood, concentrates waste products in the form of urine, and expels urine from the body.
(Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra)
Male Reproductive System
Produces male sex cells and male hormones, transfers sperm to the female.
(Testis, penis, prostate gland, seminal vesicle. epididymis, ductus deferens)
Female Reproductive System
Produces females sex cells and female hormones, receives sperm from male, site of fertilization of oocyte, site of growth and development of embryo and fetus.
(Ovary, vagina, mammary glands, uterine tube)
