Intro To Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
What is the anatomical position?
A standard body position where a person stands upright, facing forward, with arms at the sides, palms facing forward, and feet slightly apart.
What do the terms proximal and distal mean?
• Proximal: Closer to the point of attachment (e.g., the shoulder is proximal to the hand).
• Distal: Farther from the point of attachment (e.g., the fingers are distal to the elbow).
What do anterior and posterior mean?
• Anterior (ventral): Front of the body.
• Posterior (dorsal): Back of the body.
What do superior and inferior mean?
• Superior: Above (e.g., the head is superior to the chest).
• Inferior: Below (e.g., the stomach is inferior to the heart).
What are the three main planes of the body?
• Sagittal Plane: Divides the body into left and right halves.
• Coronal (Frontal) Plane: Divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) halves.
• Transverse (Axial) Plane: Divides the body into top (superior) and bottom (inferior) halves.
What are the five main body regions?
Head, neck, torso (trunk), upper extremities, lower extremities.
What are the major body cavities?
• Cranial cavity (contains the brain).
• Thoracic cavity (contains heart and lungs).
• Abdominal cavity (contains digestive organs).
• Pelvic cavity (contains reproductive organs and bladder).
What are the six levels of structural organization in the body?
Chemical level → Cellular level → Tissue level → Organ level → System level → Organism level.
What is the function of the skeletal system?
Supports and protects the body, provides movement, produces blood cells, and stores minerals.
Which system regulates body activities using hormones?
The endocrine system.
Which system is responsible for transporting oxygen and nutrients?
The cardiovascular system (heart, blood, and blood vessels).
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
Transfers oxygen into the blood and removes carbon dioxide from the body.
Which system helps in digestion and absorption of nutrients?
The digestive system.
Which system is responsible for removing waste and maintaining water balance?
The urinary system.
What is the main function of the lymphatic system?
Helps fight infections and return fluids to the bloodstream.
What does superficial mean in anatomical terms?
Closer to the surface of the body.
What does deep mean in anatomical terms?
Farther from the surface of the body.
What directional term describes the position of the nose relative to the ears?
Medial, anterior, and inferior
Which plane divides the body into equal left and right halves?
Sagittal plane.
What is another name for the coronal plane?
Frontal plane.
Which plane would be used to make a cross-section of the brain?
Transverse plane.
What are the main subdivisions of the dorsal cavity?
Cranial cavity (brain) and vertebral cavity (spinal cord).
What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
The diaphragm.
Where is the appendix located in terms of quadrants?
Right lower quadrant (RLQ).
