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MSK Week 1 > Intro to Anatomy Lecture > Flashcards

Intro to Anatomy Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Rostral

A

Used with CNS to describe cephalad and anterior areas of the brain or head

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2
Q

Cephalad

A

Towards the head

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3
Q

Caudal

A

Towards the feet or tailbone

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4
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Something occurring on the same side of the body as another structure

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5
Q

Contralateral

A

Occurring on opposite sides of the body

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6
Q

Circumduction

A

To move in a circle

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7
Q

Radial Deviation

A

Lateral abduction of the wrist

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8
Q

Ulnar deviation

A

Medial adduction of the wrist

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9
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline

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10
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline, to the side

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11
Q

Superficial

A

Higher

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12
Q

Deep

A

Lower

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13
Q

Anterior/Ventral

A

Front

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14
Q

Dorsal/Posterior

A

Rear

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15
Q

Superior

A

Above

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16
Q

Inferior

A

Below

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17
Q

Proximal

A

Closer

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18
Q

Distal

A

Further

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19
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline

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20
Q

Adduction

A

Movement towards the midline

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21
Q

Flexion

A

Angle reduction

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22
Q

Extension

A

Angle increase

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23
Q

Medial rotation

A

Internal rotation

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24
Q

Lateral rotation

A

External rotation

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25
Q

Supination

A

Soup motion, palms up

26
Q

Pronation

A

Palms down

27
Q

Elevation

A

To raise

28
Q

Depression

A

To lower

29
Q

Origin

A

Where the muscle begins

30
Q

Insertion

A

Where the muscle goes

31
Q

Agonist Muscle

A

Increases motion

32
Q

Antagonist Muscle

A

Decreases another muscle or moves in the opposite direction

33
Q

Synergistic

A

Muscles working together for one motion

34
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Head, neck, trunk

35
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Bones of the limbs

36
Q

3 Types of joints

A
  1. Fibrous 2. Cartilagenous 3. Synovial
37
Q

Fibrous joint

A

Bone to bone

38
Q

Cartilagenous joint

A

Intervertebral disc or epiphyseal plates - Cartilage to bone

39
Q

Synovial Joint

A

Has synovial fluid, i.e., knee

40
Q

Differences between muscle types

A

Striated - Voluntary - Multiple peripherally located nuclei Cardiac - Involuntary - Single central nuclei Smooth - Involuntary - Unstriated, single central nucleus

41
Q

How many bones in each vertebral section?

A

Cervical - 7 Thoracic - 12 Lumbar - 5 Sacral - 5 fused Coccyx - 3 - 5 fused

42
Q

Pars

A

Portion of the vertebrae located between the superior and inferiorarticular processes of the facet joint

43
Q

Spondylolysis

A

fracture in typically the 5th lumbar vertebrae

44
Q

Spondylolithiases

A

When a spondylolysis fracture weakens the bone to the point that it cannot sustain proper positioning causing the vertbrae to shift out of place

45
Q

Zygopophysial joints

A

Another name for facets

46
Q

Kyphosis

A

Hunchback (hyperkyphosis = when upper angle of vertebrae (between vertebrae 1 - 12) goes from 20-40 degrees to 45+ degrees

47
Q

Scoliosis

A

Spine moves laterally in the middle instead of ventral/dorsal

48
Q

Lordosis

A

Swayback - Deep inward curve of lumbar spine

49
Q

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus

A

“Ruptured Disc” (HNP) - Typically in lumbar or cervical area, ruptured symphyseal joint caused by a degenerated annulus fibrosus tearing or pulling apart allowing the softer gel-like inner nucleus pulposus to extrude usually just lateral to the posterior longitudinal ligament

50
Q

How does the head rotate about the Dens?

A

Dens of C2 must move as a unit with C1 when the head is flexed or extended. Also, if the Dens is fractured and if the neck is then allowed to flex (bend forward) the unstable dens could be driven into the spinal cord = rapidly fatal

51
Q

What happens if neural tube does not close fully

A

Incomplete closing of the neural tude during development causing some vertebrae to not fully form and thus they remain open and unfused. If large enough, the spinal cord can drift out of the vertebrae, sometimes along with a fluid filled sack around this area

52
Q

Meningocele

A

Protrusion of the membranes that cover the spine and part of the spinal cord through a bone defect in the vertebral column. MM is due to failure of closure during embryonic life of bottom end of the neural tube, the structure which gives rise to the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). The term spina bifida refers specifically to the bony defect in the vertebral column through which the meningeal membrane and cord may protrude (spina bifida cystica) or may not protrude so that the defect remains hidden, covered by skin (spina bifida occulta). However, through usage the term spina bifida is gradually becoming synonymous with MM. The risk of MM (and all neural tube defects) can be decreased by the mother eating ample folic acid during pregnancy.

53
Q

Meningomyelocele

A

Worst case. Hole big enough for the cord to leave, gets trapped in the meninge to form a sac.

54
Q

Spina Bifida Occulta

A

Least worrisome, hole but no protrusion, usually no marks on skin

55
Q

Spina Bifida Cystica

A

Another name for meningomyelocele

56
Q

Osteophyte

A

A bone spur

57
Q

Fontanel

A

Wide sutures formed where more than two bones meet in the skull

58
Q

Epimere

A

Dorsal portion of a somite from which is formed muscles innervated by the dorsal ramus of the spinal nerve

59
Q
A
60
Q
A
61
Q
A
62
Q
A

MSK Week 1 (14 decks)

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