Intro To Anatomy

Question 1

What is the Study of Anatomy?

Answer 1

• study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another
• identification and description of the structures of living things
• anatome- cutting up (ana- up/ through and tome- cutting) (involves the cutting up/ disection of organisms)

Question 2

What are the two main types/ approuches to anatomy?

Answer 2

1. Regional Anatomy- Study of one region of the body at a time and learn everything about that region
2. Systematic Anatomy- Study of one body/ organ systems at a time

Question 3

What is a Body/ Organ System?

Answer 3

It is a group of related organs that work together to carry out a particular function/s for the organism

Question 4

How many body/ organ systems are there and what are they?

Answer 4

There are 11 body/ organ systems in the human body:
1. Digestive System
2. Urinary System
3. Reproductive System
4. Endocrine System
5. Respiratory System
6. Cardio-vascular System
7. Nervous System
8. Skeletal System
9. Muscular System
10. Integumentary System
11. Lymphatic System

Question 5

What is Anatomical Organisation?

Answer 5

CELLS make up TISSUES which make up ORGANS which make up ORGAN SYSTEMS that mek up ORGANISMS/ THE HUMAN BODY
Cells- smallest unit of life
Tissues- group of similar cells performing a common function
Organs- group of different kinds of tissues working together to perform a particlar activity
Organ System- 2 of more organs working together to accomplish a particular task

Question 6

What is the function of the Cardio-vascular System?

Answer 6

The CV System is concerened with pumping and channeling blood to and from the body and lungs.
It is used to transport nutrients and gases such as O2 and CO2, hormones and wastes through the body

Question 7

What are the components of the CV System?

Answer 7

• It is made up of the heart, blood and blood vessels (arteries, arteriolies, capilliries, veins, venules)

Question 8

What is the function of the Digestive System?

Answer 8

Concerened with the digestion and processing of food entering the body.

It breaks down and absorbs nutrients that are necessary for growth and maintainance

Question 9

What are the components of the Digestive System?

Answer 9

• It is made up of the mouth (oral cavaty), pharynx, esophagus, stomach, mall and large intestines, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancrease

Question 10

What is the Urinary System/ What is its Function?

Answer 10

It filters out cellular wastes, toxins and excess water or nutrients from the circulatory system
- it is involved in fluid balance, electrolyte balance and excretionof urine
- it is made up of the kidneys, uretaers, urinary bladder and urethra

Question 11

What is the Respiratory System/ What is its function?

Answer 11

It provides gaseous exchange between the blood and the environment
- it is made up of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi. lungs and diaphragn

Question 12

What is the Endocrine System / What is its function?

Answer 12

It is composed of a group of endocrine glands that integrate and control the metabolic activities of the body by producing chemical regulatory substances called hormones
- it is made up of the pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands (lies just above the kidneys), pancreas, testis, ovary

Question 13

What is the Reproductive System/ What is its function?

Answer 13

Its main purpose/ mission is to produce offspring by the fussion of the male and female gametes
- it inclused sex organs from both males- Testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and penis- and females- ovaries, fallopina tubes (uterine tubes), uterus, vagina, mammaryy glands

Question 14

What is the Nervous System/ What is its function?

Answer 14

It relays electrical signals (impulses) through the body, directs behaviour and movement, concerened with collecting, transferring and processing information, along with the endocrine system, controls physiological (can’t control) processes such as digestion and circulation.
- It consists of 2 parts: CNS which includes the brain and the spinal chord and the PNS which incudes 1 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spnal nerves

Question 15

What is the Skeletal System/ what is its Function?

Answer 15

It provides support and shape for the body, protects delicate internal organs, forms joints for movements, produces blood cells in the bone marrow, stores salts like calcium and gives attachment to the muscles
- It consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons

Question 16

What is the Muscular System/ What is its function?

Answer 16

It provides movement, contract to move limbs and provide the organism with mobility and it also controls the movement of materials thtough some organs such as the stomach and intestines and the heart and circulatory system
- It includes muscles

Question 17

What is the Integumentary System/ What is its function?

Answer 17

It protects the body from he outside world and its harmful substances. It also regulates body temperature, serves as a minor excretory organ and makes the inner body aware of its outer environment through secretory receptors
- It includes skin, hair, nails, sweat and sebaceous glands

Question 18

What is the Lymphatic/ Immune System/ Waht is its function?

Answer 18

Is a series of vessels and nodes that collect and filter excess tissue fluid (lymph) before returning it to the venous circulation and it forms a vital part of the body’s immune defense. It also transfers lymph between tissues and the blood stream. Additionally, it aids to filter harmful substances from the bloodstream and destroy and remove invading microbes and viruses from the body.
- It consists of lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils, thymas and spleen