intro to anatomy Flashcards by Airelena Adeoye

What is anatomy

It’s is the study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

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Anatomy is divided into how many parts

4: gross anatomy
Macroscopic anatomy
Histology
Microscopic

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What is the anatomical position

Body is erect
Feet is together, face is forward and the thumbs point away from the body

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Superior is also called

Cranial

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Inferior is also called

Caudal

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Anterior is also called

Ventral

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Posterior is also called

Dorsal

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The part above another or closer to the head is called

Superior

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The part towards the feet or below another part is

Inferior

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Towards the front means

Anterior or ventral

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The eyes are anterior

To the brain

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Towards the back means

Posterior or dorsal

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The pharynx is posterior to the

Oral cavity

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Medial relates to

The imaginary line dividing the body into equal halves

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The nose is medial to

Medial to the eyes

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Lateral means

Towards the side with respect to the imaginary line

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The heart is medial to

The arm

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The hearth is posterior to

The breastbone

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Ipsilateral means

The same side

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The spleen is ipsilateral to

The descending colon

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Contra lateral means

Opposite sides

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The spleen is contra lateral to

The gall bladder

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Proximal is

Used to describe a part that is closer to the trunk or body

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The elbow is ? To the wrist

Proximal

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The fingers are ? To the wrist

Distal

Superficial means

Situated near the surface

Peripheral also mean

Outward or near the surfaces

Deep is used to describe

Parts that are more internal

Axial parts include

Head neck and trunk

Appendicular included

Limbs and all appendages

Levels of organization

Particle Atom Molecule Macromolecules Organelle Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism

What are body cavities

They are hollow spaces within the human body that contain internal organs

2 body cavities we have

Dorsal cavity Ventral cavity

Dorsal cavity is divided into the

Cranial cavity Spinal or vertebral cavity

Cranial cavity holds

The brain

Spinal cavity holds the

Spinal cord

Ventral cavity is divided into

Abdominal pelvic cavity Thoracic cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity is further divided into

Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity

What divided the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

The diaphragm

Abdominal cavity holds

Liver, gall bladder , stomach, pancreas , spleen , kidney , small and large intestines

Pelvic cavity holds

Urinary bladder and reproductive organs

Thoracic cavity is divided into

Pleural cavity Pericardial cavity

Pleura cavity holds

Lungs

Pericardial cavity holds

The hearth

What are body membrane

Tissues linings of body cavity and coverings of internal organs

Types of body membranes

Parietal membrane Visceral membrane

Parietal membrane does what

Lines body cavity

Visceral membrane

Covers internal organs

Parietal pleura membrane

Lines the inside of the pleura cavity

Visceral pleura membranes lines

The surface of the lungs

List the 11 organ system

Integumentary—endocrine—lymphatic Skeletal —circulatory—respiratory Reproductive—Digestive Muscular — nervous — Urinary

Sagital plane does what

Divides the body into left and right sections

Mid sagital divided the body

Into equal left and right

Frontal plane is also called

Coronal plane

Frontal plane divides the body into

Front and back

Transverse divides the body into

Inferior and superior

Abdominal areas in the body are subdivided into

9 regions: Right hypochondriac—Epigastric—Left Hypochondriac Right lumbar—Umbilical—Left lumbar Right Iliac— Hypogastric— Left Iliac

Organs found in the Right Hypo

Liver, right kidney, gall bladder, intestines

Organs found in the epigastric

Duodenum, stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas

Organs found in the Left hypochondriac

Liver tip, stomach, pancreas, spleen, left kidney

Organs found in the umbilical

Duodenum, transverse colon, small intestine

Organs found in the hypogastric

Bladder, sigmoid colon, small intestines, reproductive organs.

Organs found int the Right lumbar

Descending colon, right kidney, small intestines

Organs found in the left lumbar

Left kidney small intestine Descending colon

Organs found int the left iliac

Colon, small intestine, sigmoid colon

Organs found in the R iliac

Appendix Caceum, small intestine

You listen for abdominal sounds in what region

Right Iliac

How many abdominopelvic quadrants do we have

4: right upper and lower Left upper and lower

Liver is found in what quadrant

Left upper quadrant and right upper quadrant

Stomach is found in what quadrant

Right abs left upper quadrant

Small intestine is found in what quadrant

Right and left lower quadrant

Pancreas is found in what quadrant

Right and left upper quadrant

Sigmoid colon is found in what quadrant

Left lower

Spermatic cord is found in what quadrant

Right lower quadrant and left lower quadrant