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ANATOMY 101 > 2 Skeletal System > Flashcards

2 Skeletal System Flashcards

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1
Q

Diaphysis is composed of

A

Compact bone

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2
Q

Epiphysis is found at what point in the bone

A

At the end of long bones

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3
Q

Epiphysis is composed mostly of

A

Spongy bones

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4
Q

Diaphysis is located where

A

In the shaft of long bones

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5
Q

Function of the periosteum

A

Outside covering of diaphysis

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6
Q

Periosteum is held to the bone by

A

Sharper fibers

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7
Q

Sharpey fibers do what?

A

Secure the periosteum to the bone

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8
Q

Arteries supply ?

A

Bone cells with nutrients

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9
Q

Articular cartilage function ?

A

Covers the external surface of the epiphysis

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10
Q

Medullary cavity contains

A

Yellow marrow and red marrow

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11
Q

Yellow cavity is to

A

Adults

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12
Q

Articular cartilage is made up off

A

Hyaline cartilage

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13
Q

Functions of articular cartilage

A

Decreases friction at Joint surfaces

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14
Q

Yellow marrow contains mainly

A

Fats

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15
Q

What is a crest ?

A

A narrow ridge of bone

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16
Q

Crest can be located where ?

A

Iliac crest of the hip bone

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17
Q

Spine ??

A

Sharp and slender often pointed

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18
Q

Example of a spine projection

A

Ischial spine of the hip bone

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19
Q

What is a process ?

A

Any bony prominence

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20
Q

Process are found where (example)

A

Spinous process of the vertebra.
Coracoid process of the clavicle
Xiphoid process of the sternum

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21
Q

What is a tuberosity?

A

Large rounded projections often roughened

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22
Q

Examples of tuberosity in the bone

A

Tibia tuberosity
Radial tuberosity
Greater tuberosity of the humerus
Lesser tuberosity of the humerus
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

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23
Q

What is a head projection

A

Bony expansion carried out on a narrowed neck

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24
Q

What is a facet projection

A

A smooth and nearly flat surface

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25
Q

What is a ramus projection

A

Arm like bar of bone

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26
Q

What is a sinus

A

A cavity within a bone filled with air and lines with mucous membrane

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27
Q

What is a fossa

A

A shallow base like depression in a bone

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28
Q

What is a groove

A

It’s like a furrow

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29
Q

What is a foramen

A

It’s a round oval opening through the bone

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30
Q

Osteon is also called

A

Harvesian system

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31
Q

Osteon is a

A

Unit of a bone

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32
Q

What is a central harvesian canal

A

It’s the center of an Osteon

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33
Q

Functions of the central or Haversian canal

A

Carries blood vessels and nerves

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34
Q

Perforating canal also know as

A

Volkmans canal

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35
Q

What canal is perpendicular to the central canal

A

Perforating or volk man’s canal

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36
Q

Function of perforating canal

A

Carries blood vessels and nerves

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37
Q

Blood supply is interconnected through

A

Perforating canal

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38
Q

Osteon Run how

A

They run longitudinally, down the bone

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39
Q

Lacunae are arranged how

A

In concentric rings

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40
Q

What live in the lacunae

A

Osteocytes

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41
Q

Osteocytes live where

A

Lacunae

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42
Q

Rings around the central canal is called

A

Lamellae

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43
Q

Functions of canaliculi

A

Tiny passageway that interconnect lacunae

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44
Q

Canaliculi radiate from

A

The central canal to lacunae

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45
Q

True osteons are

A

Osteons with a harvesian canal

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46
Q

An osteon must have a ? To be a true osteon

A

Harvesian canal

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47
Q

In embryos the skeleton is primarily

A

Hyaline cartilage

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48
Q

Few places where cartilage remains

A

Bridge of nose
Part of ribs
Joint

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49
Q

What is ossification

A

It is the process of bone formation

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50
Q

The process of bone formation is also called

A

Ossification

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51
Q

Bone forming cells are called

A

Osteoblast

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52
Q

Bone destroying cells are

A

Osteoclast

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53
Q

How do bones widen

A

Apósitional growth

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54
Q

What is appositional growth

A

The process by which bones increase in diameter

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55
Q

How do bones widen (2)

A

Osteoblast in periosteum add bone to the external face of the diaphysis and the osteoclast remove bone from the inner face of the diaphysis wall

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56
Q

The process by which hyaline cartilage become bone

A

Endochondral ossification

57
Q

What is endochondral ossification

A

The process by which hyaline cartilage become bone

58
Q

Bones are remodeled in response to changes to 2 factors

A

Calcium level in blood
The pull of gravity and muscle on the skeleton.

59
Q

Bone remodeling is a process by both

A

Osteoblast and osteoclast

60
Q

Osteocytes are ??

A

Mature bone cells

61
Q

What is a bone fracture

A

It’s a break in bone

62
Q

Types of bone fracture

A

Open (compound ) fracture
Closed (simple) fracture

63
Q

Closed fracture is also called

A

Simple fracture

64
Q

Open fracture is also called

A

Compound fracture

65
Q

What is a closed or simple fracture

A

A closed or simple fracture is a fracture by which the bone does not penetrate the skin

66
Q

What is a compound fracture

A

It’s a fracture also known as open fracture and one by which the bone penetrates through the skin

67
Q

Bone fractures are treated by

A

Reduction and immobilization

68
Q

List the types of fracture

A

Commuted
Compressed
Green sitck
Spiral
Impacted
Depressed

69
Q

What is commuted fracture

A

Bone breaks into many pieces

70
Q

What is impacted fracture

A

Broken bone ends are forced into each other

71
Q

Bone breaks Incompletely is

A

Green stick

72
Q

Bone breaks as a result of twisting

A

Spiral

73
Q

What is compression (fracture)

A

Bone is crushed

74
Q

Compression fracture and is common in what bone

A

Porous bones

75
Q

Stages in the repair of bone fracture

A

Hematoma
Inflammation
Soft callus
Hard callus
Remodeling

76
Q

Axial skeleton forms the

A

Neck
Head
Trunk

77
Q

Skeletal system is divided into

A

Axial
Appendicular

78
Q

Functions of bones

A

Support of the body
Protection of soft organs
Blood cell formation

79
Q

The adult has how many bones

A

206 bones

80
Q

Osseous tissue is

A

The major structural and supportive connective tissues from which bones are made

81
Q

2 types of osseous tissues

A

Compact bone
Spongy bone

82
Q

Compact bone characteristics

A

Homogenous
it’s dense and looks smooth

83
Q

Classification of bones based on shapes

A

Long bones Eg humerus
Short bones Eg carpals tarsal
Flat bones Eg parietal
Irregular bones Eg vertebra

84
Q

Flat bones are found

A

Skull, ribs, sternum

85
Q

Skull has how many bones

A

22 bones

86
Q

Two sets of bones in the skull are

A

Cranium
Facial bones

87
Q

Cranium has how many bones

A

8 cranial bones

88
Q

Facial bones are how many in number

A

14 facial bones

89
Q

Cranial Bones are joined by

A

Sutures

90
Q

The only bone attached by a freely movable joint is

A

The mandible

91
Q

8 bones of the cranium

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

92
Q

Frontal bones forms the

A

Forms the fore head

93
Q

Parietal bones form the

A

They form the superior and lateral walls of the cranium

94
Q

Parietal bones meet in the midline at

A

Sagital suture

95
Q

When parietal bone meets frontal bone a suture is formed

A

Coronal suture

96
Q

Temporal bones lie

A

Inferior to the parietal bones

97
Q

Temporal bones join the parietal bones

A

At the squamous sutures

98
Q

Sphenoid bone forms

A

Forms the floor of the cranial cavity

99
Q

Ethmoid bone forms the

A

Roof of the nasal cavity and part of the medial walls of the orbits

100
Q

Parietal and occipital bone forms what suture

A

Lamboid suture

101
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity

102
Q

Functions of para nasal sinuses

A

Lighten the skull
Gives resonance and amplification to voice.

103
Q

The only bone that does not articulate with another bone

A

Hyoid bone

104
Q

What serves as a moveable base for the tongue

A

Hyoid bone

105
Q

Zygomatic bone is also called

A

Cheek bone

106
Q

Maxillae is also called

A

Upper jaw

107
Q

Largest bone in the face

A

Maxilla

108
Q

Mandible is your

A

Lower jaw bone

109
Q

Maxilla is a pair that fuses together at

A

Inter maxillary suture

110
Q

Nasal bone are joined together by

A

Inter nasal suture

111
Q

Nasal cavity has 3 parts

A

Inferior
Superior
Middle

112
Q

The fetal skull is the what part of the infant body )size)

A

Largest part of the infant body

113
Q

What are frontanel

A

They are fibrous membrane connecting the fetal cranial brain

114
Q

Functions of frontanel

A

Allows the brain to grow

115
Q

Frontanel convert to bone within

A

24 months of birth

116
Q

The vertebrae is separated by

A

Intervertebral disc

117
Q

Functions of vertebrae

A

Supports the head
Allows for muscle attachment

118
Q

How many bones make up the vertebrae

A

33 in your youths

119
Q

Regions of vertebrae

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx

120
Q

Remember the cervical how

A

CERVical —— Seven

121
Q

Remember the THoracic how

A

Thoracic—- Twelve

122
Q

How many inverterbtal disc

A

23

123
Q

Intervertebral disc is located

A

In between each vertebrae

124
Q

Atlas is

A

Cervical 1

125
Q

Axis is

A

Cervical 2

126
Q

Atlas helps in

A

Nodding your head as in yes
Holding your head in place

127
Q

Axis helps in

A

Shaking your head. As in left to right

128
Q

Sternum is made up of

A

Jugular notch
Clavicular notch
Manubrium
Sternal angle
Body
Xiphisternal joint
Xiphoid process

129
Q

Thoracic region articulate with

A

Your 12 pairs of ribs

130
Q

We have how many true ribs

A

7

131
Q

What are true ribs

A

Ribs that are directly connected to the sternum

132
Q

False ribs are what

A

Ribs that are not directly connected to the sternum. Their costal cartilage connects with the 7th ribs costal cartilage

133
Q

What are floating ribs

A

Ribs that are attached only to the vertébrae and not the sternum

134
Q

How many floating ribs

A
  1. 11 and 12
135
Q

What are coastal cartilages

A

Connects the ribs to the sternum

136
Q

What are intercostal spaces

A

Those spaces in between ribs

137
Q

The appendicular skeleton is made up of

A

Limbs
Pectoral girdle
Pelvic girdle

138
Q

Pectoral girdle has - bones

A

2 bones
Clavicle and Scapula

139
Q

None of the arm is called

A

Humerus

ANATOMY 101 (2 decks)

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