2 Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
Diaphysis is composed of
A
Compact bone
2
Q
Epiphysis is found at what point in the bone
A
At the end of long bones
3
Q
Epiphysis is composed mostly of
A
Spongy bones
4
Q
Diaphysis is located where
A
In the shaft of long bones
5
Q
Function of the periosteum
A
Outside covering of diaphysis
6
Q
Periosteum is held to the bone by
A
Sharper fibers
7
Q
Sharpey fibers do what?
A
Secure the periosteum to the bone
8
Q
Arteries supply ?
A
Bone cells with nutrients
9
Q
Articular cartilage function ?
A
Covers the external surface of the epiphysis
10
Q
Medullary cavity contains
A
Yellow marrow and red marrow
11
Q
Yellow cavity is to
A
Adults
12
Q
Articular cartilage is made up off
A
Hyaline cartilage
13
Q
Functions of articular cartilage
A
Decreases friction at Joint surfaces
14
Q
Yellow marrow contains mainly
A
Fats
15
Q
What is a crest ?
A
A narrow ridge of bone
16
Q
Crest can be located where ?
A
Iliac crest of the hip bone
17
Q
Spine ??
A
Sharp and slender often pointed
18
Q
Example of a spine projection
A
Ischial spine of the hip bone
19
Q
What is a process ?
A
Any bony prominence
20
Q
Process are found where (example)
A
Spinous process of the vertebra.
Coracoid process of the clavicle
Xiphoid process of the sternum
21
Q
What is a tuberosity?
A
Large rounded projections often roughened
22
Q
Examples of tuberosity in the bone
A
Tibia tuberosity
Radial tuberosity
Greater tuberosity of the humerus
Lesser tuberosity of the humerus
Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
23
Q
What is a head projection
A
Bony expansion carried out on a narrowed neck
24
Q
What is a facet projection
A
A smooth and nearly flat surface
25
What is a ramus projection
Arm like bar of bone
26
What is a sinus
A cavity within a bone filled with air and lines with mucous membrane
27
What is a fossa
A shallow base like depression in a bone
28
What is a groove
It’s like a furrow
29
What is a foramen
It’s a round oval opening through the bone
30
Osteon is also called
Harvesian system
31
Osteon is a
Unit of a bone
32
What is a central harvesian canal
It’s the center of an Osteon
33
Functions of the central or Haversian canal
Carries blood vessels and nerves
34
Perforating canal also know as
Volkmans canal
35
What canal is perpendicular to the central canal
Perforating or volk man’s canal
36
Function of perforating canal
Carries blood vessels and nerves
37
Blood supply is interconnected through
Perforating canal
38
Osteon Run how
They run longitudinally, down the bone
39
Lacunae are arranged how
In concentric rings
40
What live in the lacunae
Osteocytes
41
Osteocytes live where
Lacunae
42
Rings around the central canal is called
Lamellae
43
Functions of canaliculi
Tiny passageway that interconnect lacunae
44
Canaliculi radiate from
The central canal to lacunae
45
True osteons are
Osteons with a harvesian canal
46
An osteon must have a ? To be a true osteon
Harvesian canal
47
In embryos the skeleton is primarily
Hyaline cartilage
48
Few places where cartilage remains
Bridge of nose
Part of ribs
Joint
49
What is ossification
It is the process of bone formation
50
The process of bone formation is also called
Ossification
51
Bone forming cells are called
Osteoblast
52
Bone destroying cells are
Osteoclast
53
How do bones widen
Apósitional growth
54
What is appositional growth
The process by which bones increase in diameter
55
How do bones widen (2)
Osteoblast in periosteum add bone to the external face of the diaphysis and the osteoclast remove bone from the inner face of the diaphysis wall
56
The process by which hyaline cartilage become bone
Endochondral ossification
57
What is endochondral ossification
The process by which hyaline cartilage become bone
58
Bones are remodeled in response to changes to 2 factors
Calcium level in blood
The pull of gravity and muscle on the skeleton.
59
Bone remodeling is a process by both
Osteoblast and osteoclast
60
Osteocytes are ??
Mature bone cells
61
What is a bone fracture
It’s a break in bone
62
Types of bone fracture
Open (compound ) fracture
Closed (simple) fracture
63
Closed fracture is also called
Simple fracture
64
Open fracture is also called
Compound fracture
65
What is a closed or simple fracture
A closed or simple fracture is a fracture by which the bone does not penetrate the skin
66
What is a compound fracture
It’s a fracture also known as open fracture and one by which the bone penetrates through the skin
67
Bone fractures are treated by
Reduction and immobilization
68
List the types of fracture
Commuted
Compressed
Green sitck
Spiral
Impacted
Depressed
69
What is commuted fracture
Bone breaks into many pieces
70
What is impacted fracture
Broken bone ends are forced into each other
71
Bone breaks Incompletely is
Green stick
72
Bone breaks as a result of twisting
Spiral
73
What is compression (fracture)
Bone is crushed
74
Compression fracture and is common in what bone
Porous bones
75
Stages in the repair of bone fracture
Hematoma
Inflammation
Soft callus
Hard callus
Remodeling
76
Axial skeleton forms the
Neck
Head
Trunk
77
Skeletal system is divided into
Axial
Appendicular
78
Functions of bones
Support of the body
Protection of soft organs
Blood cell formation
79
The adult has how many bones
206 bones
80
Osseous tissue is
The major structural and supportive connective tissues from which bones are made
81
2 types of osseous tissues
Compact bone
Spongy bone
82
Compact bone characteristics
Homogenous
it’s dense and looks smooth
83
Classification of bones based on shapes
Long bones Eg humerus
Short bones Eg carpals tarsal
Flat bones Eg parietal
Irregular bones Eg vertebra
84
Flat bones are found
Skull, ribs, sternum
85
Skull has how many bones
22 bones
86
Two sets of bones in the skull are
Cranium
Facial bones
87
Cranium has how many bones
8 cranial bones
88
Facial bones are how many in number
14 facial bones
89
Cranial Bones are joined by
Sutures
90
The only bone attached by a freely movable joint is
The mandible
91
8 bones of the cranium
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
92
Frontal bones forms the
Forms the fore head
93
Parietal bones form the
They form the superior and lateral walls of the cranium
94
Parietal bones meet in the midline at
Sagital suture
95
When parietal bone meets frontal bone a suture is formed
Coronal suture
96
Temporal bones lie
Inferior to the parietal bones
97
Temporal bones join the parietal bones
At the squamous sutures
98
Sphenoid bone forms
Forms the floor of the cranial cavity
99
Ethmoid bone forms the
Roof of the nasal cavity and part of the medial walls of the orbits
100
Parietal and occipital bone forms what suture
Lamboid suture
101
Paranasal sinuses
Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity
102
Functions of para nasal sinuses
Lighten the skull
Gives resonance and amplification to voice.
103
The only bone that does not articulate with another bone
Hyoid bone
104
What serves as a moveable base for the tongue
Hyoid bone
105
Zygomatic bone is also called
Cheek bone
106
Maxillae is also called
Upper jaw
107
Largest bone in the face
Maxilla
108
Mandible is your
Lower jaw bone
109
Maxilla is a pair that fuses together at
Inter maxillary suture
110
Nasal bone are joined together by
Inter nasal suture
111
Nasal cavity has 3 parts
Inferior
Superior
Middle
112
The fetal skull is the what part of the infant body )size)
Largest part of the infant body
113
What are frontanel
They are fibrous membrane connecting the fetal cranial brain
114
Functions of frontanel
Allows the brain to grow
115
Frontanel convert to bone within
24 months of birth
116
The vertebrae is separated by
Intervertebral disc
117
Functions of vertebrae
Supports the head
Allows for muscle attachment
118
How many bones make up the vertebrae
33 in your youths
119
Regions of vertebrae
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
120
Remember the cervical how
CERVical —— Seven
121
Remember the THoracic how
Thoracic—- Twelve
122
How many inverterbtal disc
23
123
Intervertebral disc is located
In between each vertebrae
124
Atlas is
Cervical 1
125
Axis is
Cervical 2
126
Atlas helps in
Nodding your head as in yes
Holding your head in place
127
Axis helps in
Shaking your head. As in left to right
128
Sternum is made up of
Jugular notch
Clavicular notch
Manubrium
Sternal angle
Body
Xiphisternal joint
Xiphoid process
129
Thoracic region articulate with
Your 12 pairs of ribs
130
We have how many true ribs
7
131
What are true ribs
Ribs that are directly connected to the sternum
132
False ribs are what
Ribs that are not directly connected to the sternum. Their costal cartilage connects with the 7th ribs costal cartilage
133
What are floating ribs
Ribs that are attached only to the vertébrae and not the sternum
134
How many floating ribs
2. 11 and 12
135
What are coastal cartilages
Connects the ribs to the sternum
136
What are intercostal spaces
Those spaces in between ribs
137
The appendicular skeleton is made up of
Limbs
Pectoral girdle
Pelvic girdle
138
Pectoral girdle has - bones
2 bones
Clavicle and Scapula
139
None of the arm is called
Humerus
