Intro to anatomy

Question 1

what is the anatomical position

Answer 1

• face forward with eyes and toes pointing same direction
• put arms by your sides with palms facing forward
• put lower limbs close together with feet parallel to each other

Question 2

limits of body regions

Answer 2

• head is superior to all structures in the body
• feet are inferior to all structures in the body
• hands are most lateral
• umbilicus is most medial

Question 3

what does the upper limb include

Answer 3

• arm
• elbow
• forearm
• wrist
• hands
• fingers
• thumb

Question 4

what does the lower limb include

Answer 4

• thigh
• knee
• leg
• ankle
• foot
• toes

Question 5

what are the 8 major parts of the body

Answer 5

• head
• neck
• thorax
• back
• abdomen
• pelvis/perineum
• lower limb
• upper limb

Question 6

what does ipsilateral mean

Answer 6

structures on the same side

Question 7

what does contralateral mean

Answer 7

structures on opposite sides

Question 8

define anterior (ventral)

Answer 8

nearer the front of the body

Question 9

define posterior (dorsal)

Answer 9

nearer the back of the body

Question 10

define medial

Answer 10

nearer to median plane

Question 11

define lateral

Answer 11

farther from median plane

Question 12

define inferior (caudal)

Answer 12

nearer to feet

Question 13

define superior (cranial)

Answer 13

nearer to head

Question 14

what are the anatomical planes

Answer 14

• coronal plane - separates front and back
• sagittal plane - separates left and right
• transvers/axial plane - separates upper and lower

Question 15

define superficial

Answer 15

nearer to surface

Question 16

define intermediate

Answer 16

between a superficial and deep structure

Question 17

define deep

Answer 17

farther from surface

Question 18

define proximal

Answer 18

nearer to trunk or point of origin

Question 19

define distal

Answer 19

farther from trunk or point of origin

Question 20

define palmar (hand)

Answer 20

anterior hand (palm)

Question 21

define dorsal (hands and feet)

Answer 21

posterior hand and superior foot surface

Question 22

define plantar (feet)

Answer 22

inferior foot surface (sole)

Question 23

what plane do flexion and extension occur in

Answer 23

sagittal

Question 24

define flexion

Answer 24

decreases angle in joint by bringing bones closer together

Question 25

define extension

Answer 25

straightening movement that increases angle in joint

Question 26

what plane do abduction and adduction occur in

Answer 26

coronal

Question 27

define abduction

Answer 27

taking structures away from midline

Question 28

define adduction

Answer 28

bringing structures towards midline

Question 29

what plane do lateral and medial rotation occur in

Answer 29

transverse

Question 30

define lateral rotation

Answer 30

rotation away from midline

Question 31

define medial rotation

Answer 31

rotation towards midline

Question 32

define circumduction

Answer 32

combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

Question 33

define supination

Answer 33

facing away from ground

Question 34

define pronation

Answer 34

facing down towards ground

Question 35

terms associated with movement of ankle

Answer 35

• dorsiflexion = foot up
• plantarflexion = foot down
• inversion = foot in
• eversion = foot out

Question 36

terms associated with movement of hand

Answer 36

• opposition = joining thumb and pinky
• reposition = relaxing thumb and pinky