Intro to anatomy Flashcards
what is the anatomical position
- face forward with eyes and toes pointing same direction
- put arms by your sides with palms facing forward
- put lower limbs close together with feet parallel to each other
limits of body regions
- head is superior to all structures in the body
- feet are inferior to all structures in the body
- hands are most lateral
- umbilicus is most medial
what does the upper limb include
- arm
- elbow
- forearm
- wrist
- hands
- fingers
- thumb
what does the lower limb include
- thigh
- knee
- leg
- ankle
- foot
- toes
what are the 8 major parts of the body
- head
- neck
- thorax
- back
- abdomen
- pelvis/perineum
- lower limb
- upper limb
what does ipsilateral mean
structures on the same side
what does contralateral mean
structures on opposite sides
define anterior (ventral)
nearer the front of the body
define posterior (dorsal)
nearer the back of the body
define medial
nearer to median plane
define lateral
farther from median plane
define inferior (caudal)
nearer to feet
define superior (cranial)
nearer to head
what are the anatomical planes
- coronal plane - separates front and back
- sagittal plane - separates left and right
- transvers/axial plane - separates upper and lower
define superficial
nearer to surface
define intermediate
between a superficial and deep structure
define deep
farther from surface
define proximal
nearer to trunk or point of origin
define distal
farther from trunk or point of origin
define palmar (hand)
anterior hand (palm)
define dorsal (hands and feet)
posterior hand and superior foot surface
define plantar (feet)
inferior foot surface (sole)
what plane do flexion and extension occur in
sagittal
define flexion
decreases angle in joint by bringing bones closer together
define extension
straightening movement that increases angle in joint
what plane do abduction and adduction occur in
coronal
define abduction
taking structures away from midline
define adduction
bringing structures towards midline
what plane do lateral and medial rotation occur in
transverse
define lateral rotation
rotation away from midline
define medial rotation
rotation towards midline
define circumduction
combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
define supination
facing away from ground
define pronation
facing down towards ground
terms associated with movement of ankle
- dorsiflexion = foot up
- plantarflexion = foot down
- inversion = foot in
- eversion = foot out
terms associated with movement of hand
- opposition = joining thumb and pinky
- reposition = relaxing thumb and pinky
