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ANAPHY LEC > Intro to ANAPHY (LEC) > Flashcards

Intro to ANAPHY (LEC) Flashcards

1
Q

Field in the biological sciences concerned with the identification & description of the
body structures of living things.

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

Studies structures that can only be seen with the aid of

microscope

A

Microscopic anatomy

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3
Q

Studies structures that can be seen by the naked eye

A

Gross anatomy

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4
Q

Studies surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy
through visualization and palpation. Gives us an idea of what is inside our body because
we can’t directly see some organs because they are greatly covered by layers of fats,
muscles, and our skin.

A

Surface anatomy

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5
Q

Studies structures of specific body systems.

A

Systemic anatomy

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6
Q
  • Studies structures found within specific regions of the body
A

Regional anatomy

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7
Q 
Studies changes (Gross to Microscopic) in organs or tissues
associated with the disease process. Focuses with the changes in the appearance of the
organ. Can be studied through biopsy.
A

Pathological anatomy

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8
Q

Studies structures that can be viewed with x-ray, MRI, and CT
scans.

A

Radiographic anatomy

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9
Q

Studies the development of the first 8 weeks of development after
fertilization of the human egg. First 8 weeks of life is important because that is when
the fetus is developing majority of the organs

A

Embryology

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10
Q

Studies the complete development of an individual from

fertilization to death. studying humans from the day of the fertilization of the egg until the human will die.

A

Developmental Biology

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11
Q

Field in the biological sciences concerned with the functions of the structures (cells,
tissues, and organs).

A

Physiology

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12
Q
  • Studies the function of the heart and blood vessels
A

Cardiovascular Physiology

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13
Q

Studies the function of the lungs and air passageways.

A

Respiratory Physiology

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14
Q

Studies functional changes associated with the disease and aging

A

Pathophysiology

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15
Q

Studies the function of the kidneys

A

Renal Physiology

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16
Q

Studies the function of nerves.

A

Neurophysiology

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17
Q

Study of body’s defense against invading microorganism. Studies how the
body would defend itself.

A

Immunology

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18
Q

Study of hormones.

A

Endocrinology

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19
Q

Organization in Human Body (from smallest to biggest)

A

Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Systems

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20
Q

Group of cells and extracellular matrix that work together to perform a
particular function. Fibers and ground substances make up extracellular matrix.

A

Tissue Level

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21
Q

Atoms and Molecules; smallest unit of matter that can participate in
chemical reactions. Atoms and molecules can combine together to form the cells.
Molecules will combine together to form cells and cells are the smallest structural and
functional unit of the human body

A

Chemical Level

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22
Q

Molecules combine to form cells. Cells are basic Structural and
functional unit of an organism; smallest living unit in the body.

A

Cellular Level

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23
Q

Group of related organs with common function.

A

System Level

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24
Q

Group of two or more tissues functioning together

A

Organ Level

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25
Q

Digestive + Integumentary + Skeletal + Cardiovascular +
Respiratory + Reproductive + Muscular + Nervous + Urinary + Endocrine +
Lymphatic System

A

Organism Level

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26
Q

Levels of Structural Organization and Body

Systems

A

Atom -> Molecule -> Macromolecule -> Organelle -> Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ
System -> Organism

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27
Q

Characteristics of the Living Organism?

A

Metabolism, Responsiveness, movement, Growth,, Differentiation, Reproduction

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28
Q

Any process that living things use to actively maintain fairly stable conditions necessary
for survival. Balance.

A

Homeostasis

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29
Q

cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is

monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated and so on.

A

Feedback Systems

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30
Q

monitors changes in controlled condition and

sends input to the control center

A

Receptor/Sensor

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31
Q

sets range of values within which a

controlled condition should be maintained

A

Control center

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32
Q

receives output from the control center and produces a

response or effect that changes controlled condition

A

Effector

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33
Q

Reverses the change in the controlled condition.

A

Negative Feedback system

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34
Q

tends to strengthen or reinforce a change in one body’s

controlled conditions.

A

Positive Feedback system

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35
Q

Anatomical position

A 
Stand erect facing the observer
Head level
Eyes facing directly forward
Feet flat on floor and directed forwards
Upper limbs at the sides with palms facing forward
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36
Q
  • if the body is facing down
A

Prone position

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37
Q

if the body is facing up

A

Supine position

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38
Q

Parts of Head

A

skull, face

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39
Q

Neck function

A

supports head and attach to trunk

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40
Q

Parts of Trunk

A

Chest, abdomen, pelvis, upper limbs

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41
Q
  • the lower most portion of the trunk.
    Where we can find the male and female internal
    genitalia
A

[pelvis

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42
Q

where we can find the stomach, the

small and the large intestine

A

Abdomen

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43
Q

where we can find our heart and lungs

A

Chest -

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44
Q

Parts of Lower Limbs

A 
Buttocks
Thigh - 
Leg - 
Ankle
Foot
45
Q

Upper part of a structure; towards

the head

A

Superior/Cephalic/Cranial -

46
Q

Away from the

head and lower part of a structure

A

Inferior/Caudal

47
Q

_____ means tail

A

Caudal

48
Q

Farther from the midline

A

Lateral

49
Q
  • Nearer to the midline
A

Medial

50
Q
  • On the same side of

the body as another structure

A

Ipsilateral -

51
Q

On the opposite
side of the body as another
structure

A

Contralateral

52
Q 
Father from the
attachment of the limb to the
trunk, or farther from the origin of
the structure. Farther from the
center of the body
A

Distal

53
Q 
Nearer to the
attachment of the limb to the
trunk, or nearer to the origin of
the structure. Closer to the center
of the body.
A

Proximal

54
Q

Away from the surface of the body

A

Deep

55
Q

Towards the surface of the body

A

Superficial

56
Q

imaginary flat surfaces that

pass through the body parts

A

planes

57
Q

types of planes

A

sagittal, coronal, transverse, oblique

58
Q
  • vertical plane
    that divides the body or organ
    into right and left side
A

sagittal planes

59
Q

divides body vertically to equal parts

A

Midsagittal/Median

60
Q

divides body vertically to unequal parts

A

Parasagittal

61
Q

what plane divides the body into front and

back

A

Frontal/Coronal plane

62
Q

plane that divides the body

into superior and inferior

A

Transverse plane

63
Q

passes through
the body or organ at an angle
other than 90 degrees

A

Oblique plane

64
Q

cut portions of the body or one of

its organ made along of the planes

A

Sections

65
Q

Spaces within the body that help
protect, separates and support internal
organs

A

Body Cavities

66
Q 
Cranial and vertebral cavity are
continuous with each other and are
composed of \_\_\_\_\_ and
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  for additional
protection of the brain and spinal cord
A

meninges, cerebrospinal fluid

67
Q

Kinds of Body Cavities

A

Cranial, Vertebral, Thoracic, Diaphragm (not cavity but ok), Abdominal, Pelvic

68
Q

cavity that contains the brain

A

Cranial Cavity

69
Q

cavity that contains spinal cord

A

Vertebral/ Spinal Cavity

70
Q

aka chest cavity

A

Thoracic Cavity

71
Q

what cavity is formed by the ribs, muscles of the chest, sternum, and thoracic portion of the vertebral column

A

Thoracic cavity

72
Q

. Fluid-filled space that

encloses the heart

A

Pericardial cavity

73
Q

houses the lungs.
2 fluid-filled spaces that enclose
the lungs.

A

Pleural cavity

74
Q
  • central portion of

the thoracic cavity

A

Mediastinum

75
Q

Extends from the sternum to
the vertebral column
Extends from the first rib to
diaphragm

A

Mediastinum

76
Q
  • separates the thoracic

cavity from the abdominal cavity

A

diaphragm

77
Q

the diaphragm is what type of muscle (2 ans)

A

skeletal muscle

respiratory muscle

78
Q

cavity that contains the
stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small
intestine and most of the large intestine

A

Abdominal cavity

79
Q

what cavity contains the urinary
bladder, some portions of the large
intestine and internal organs of the male
and female reproductive system

A

Pelvic cavity

80
Q

Organs that belong to the

abdominopelvic cavity are called?

A

viscera or visceral organs

81
Q

Thin, pliable tissue that covers, lines and partitions structures. Structure that cover
cavities

A

Membrane

82
Q

double
layered membrane covering body
cavities that do not directly open
to the exterior

A

Serous membranes

83
Q

cavities under serous membranes

A

Pleural cavity, pericardial

cavity, abdominal cavity

84
Q

thin lining
epithelium that lines the wall of
the cavity

A

Parietal layer

85
Q

a thin epithelium
that adheres to the viscera or
organ

A

Visceral layer

86
Q

Serous membrane of the heart is

called _______.

A

Parietal/Visceral Pericardium

87
Q

Serous membrane of the lungs is

called _______.

A

Parietal/Visceral Pleura

88
Q

Serous membrane of the abdomen is

called _______.

A

Parietal/Visceral Peritoneum

89
Q

line cavities or tube that open to the exterior portion of the
body

A

Mucous Membrane

90
Q

cavities under mucous membrane

A

nasal and oral cavity

91
Q

2 methods of dividing abdominopelvic cavity

A

9 regions and 4 quadrants

92
Q 
WHAT REGION?
contains liver
right kidney
gallbladder
large/small intestine
A

Right Hypochondriac Region

93
Q 
WHAT REGION?
liver
stomach
spleen
duodenum
adrenal glands
pancreas
A

epigastric region

94
Q 
WHAT REGION?
liver's tip
stomach
pancreas
L kidney
spleen
large/small intestine
A

Left Hypochondriac Region

95
Q

WHAT REGION?
ascending colon
small intestine
R Kidney

A

Right Lumbar Region

96
Q

WHAT REGION?
duodenum
small intestine
transverse colon

A

Umbilical Region

97
Q

WHAT REGION?
descending colon
small intestine
L Kidney

A

Left Lumbar Region

98
Q 
WHAT REGION?
appendix
cecum
ascending colon
small intestine
A

Right Iliac/ Inguinal Region

99
Q 
WHAT REGION?
bladder
sigmoid colon
small intestine
reproductive organs
A

Hypogastric Region

100
Q

WHAT REGION?
Sigmoid colon
descending colon
small intestine

A

Left Iliac/ Inguinal Region

101
Q

9 abdominopelvic regions

A
  • Right hypochondriac
  • epigastric
  • Left hypochondriac
  • Right Lumbar
  • umbilical
  • Left Lumbar
  • Right Iliac
  • Hypogastric
  • Left Iliac
102
Q

what quadrant?
Liver, gallbladder, pylorus, duodenum,
hepatic flexure of colon, and the head of
the pancreas

A

Right Upper Quadrant

103
Q

WHAT QUADRANT?
Spleen, splenic flexure of colon, stomach,
body and tail of pancreas, and transverse
colon

A

Left Upper Quadrant

104
Q

WHAT QUADRANT?
Sigmoid colon, descending colon, left
ovary

A

Left Lower Quadrant

105
Q

WHAT QUADRANT?
Cecum, appendix, ascending colon, right
ovary

A

Right Lower Quadrant

106
Q
  • Breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components
A

Catabolism

107
Q

Building of complex chemical substances from smaller and simpler
components.

A

Anabolism

108
Q

Branches of Anatomy

A
  1. Gross Anatomy
  2. Microscopic Anatomy
  3. Surface Anatomy
  4. Systemic Anatomy
  5. Regional Anatomy
  6. Pathological Anatomy
  7. Embryology
  8. Developmental Biology
109
Q

Branches of Physiology

A
  1. Endocrinology
  2. Immunology
  3. Neurophysiology
  4. Renal Physiology
  5. Respiratory Physiology
  6. Cardiovascular Physiology
  7. Pathophysiology

ANAPHY LEC (3 decks)

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