Intro to AI

Question 1

What is an heuristic?

Answer 1

• Some additional info - rule, function or constraint - that informs a rather brute-force algorithm to act in a more optimal manner
• In a search routing problem is an estimate of the least cost from a node to the goal.

Question 2

Important AI algorithms?

Answer 2

• A* Search

Question 3

What are tuples?

Answer 3

• A tuple is a sequence of immutable Python objects.
• Similar to lists
• tuples cannot be changed
• tuple with single value needs to include a comma

Question 4

Important strategy in search?

Answer 4

• Pruning the possibilities tree

Question 5

What is intelligence?

Answer 5

• Intelligence is the ability to be good at a certain task. Intelligence should only be judge in the context of a task

Question 6

In AI what is environment, agent and state?

Answer 6

• Agent is the software to solve the task. It is the roomba vacuum
• Environment are the things which the agent has to interact to solve the problem. With the roomba example it is the floor, dirt and all the obstacles on the floor
• The state refers to the current status of the relevant properties of the Environment. It is related to the information that the agent needs to store about the environment necessary to completing the task. Like the map of the obstacles and the already cleaned areas with the roomba.

Question 7

In AI what is perception, action and cognition?

Answer 7

• Perception is the sensing of the relevant properties of the environment.
• Actions are outputs from the agent that change the state of the environment
• The decisions of what actions to make based of the perception of the environment is called Cognition

Question 8

Types of AI problems based on environment characteristics?

Answer 8

• Fully observable (tic tac toe) or partially observable (Battlefield)
• Deterministic or Stochastic
• Discrete (Finite number of states) or Continuous (Infinite number of states)
• Benign (The only one making outputs to achive the goal , also the random things)or Adversarial (Other agents to defeat its goal)

Question 9

What is rational behavior?

Answer 9

Intelligent agent that through its actions tries to maximize its utility given its goal

Question 10

What is bounded optimality?

Answer 10

Example: find a route that is not more than 2 miles longer than the optimal route

Question 11

What is minmax algorithm, alpha beta pruning?

Answer 11

• Minmax: what is the best move in every turn

- Alpha beta pruning: Helps to optimize minmax to make it quicker

Question 12

What is extectomax algorithm?

Answer 12

• It is an adaptation of minmax for undetermined problems.

- It considers all the possible outcomes and chooses the ones with the max expected return.

Question 13

Minmax algorithm

Answer 13

• For each node with max choose the maximum value and viceversa

Question 14

What is depth limited search?

Answer 14

• Limit the depth of the search tree to an amount that is possible and accordingly with our needs
• Use an evaluation function when you reach the max level of depth in the tree to select the best available option. In the isolation game it could be a good idea to select the node that gives the player the most amount of available moves. To use this you have to do a quiscent search to see at what level of the tree the results stop changing very radically. This helps to know if the level of depth is adequate