Intro to ADME

Question 1

What is a drug?

Answer 1

A chemical substance that affects physiological function in the body

Question 2

What family do drugs belong to?

Answer 2

xenobiotic

Question 3

Drugs are administered to restore/maintain ________, to restore body function

Answer 3

homeostasis

Question 4

Define homeostasis

Answer 4

The process by which an organism maintains a constant internal environment despite external chnages

Question 5

State 4 physical/chemical properties that affect pharmacokinetics

Answer 5

partition coefficient
ionisation
solubility
stability

Question 6

State what enteral administration is

Answer 6

via the GI tract

Question 7

Give 3 examples of enteral administration

Answer 7

oral
sublingual
rectal

Question 8

State what parenteral administration is

Answer 8

outside GI tract

Question 9

Give 3 examples of parenteral administration

Answer 9

Injection - i.v., i.m.
inhalation
topical

Question 10

Define absorption

Answer 10

Extent to which the intact drug is absorbed from the gut lumen into portal circulation

Question 11

Define biotransport

Answer 11

The translocation of a solute from one side of a biological barrier to the other in its intact form

Question 12

What is the rate limiting step for drug transfer?

Answer 12

Cell membranes that impede drug transport

Question 13

Describe the concept of coefficient absorption

Answer 13

Drugs are absorbed in different quantities

Question 14

Define bioavailability

Answer 14

Fraction of administered dose of intact drug that reaches systemic circulation

Question 15

What does bioavailability depend on? (2)

Answer 15

• how well the drug is absorbed

- how much the drug is metabolised by the liver

Question 16

Describe what increases the fluidity of cell membranes

Answer 16

Higher concentration of unsaturated fatty acids