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ABA 1 > Intro to ABA > Flashcards

Intro to ABA Flashcards

1
Q

The development of a new behavior through reinforcement.

A

Acquisition

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2
Q

A reinforcer that is related to access to desired actions, such as playing games, leisure time, or listening to music.

A

Activity reinforcer

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3
Q

Reinforcement that occurs independent of the social mediation of others (for example, scratching an insect bite relieves the itch).

A

Automatic reinforcement

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4
Q

The activity of living organisms, or what a person does and says.

A

Behavior

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5
Q

A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a negative reinforcer because of prior pairing with one or more negative reinforcers.

A

Conditioned negative reinforcer

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6
Q

A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a punisher because of prior pairing with one or more punishers.

A

Conditioned punisher

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7
Q

A previously neutral stimulus that has been paired a number of times with an established reinforcer and consequently functions as a reinforcer itself.

A

Conditioned reinforcer

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8
Q

A stimulus change that follows a behavior of interest.

A

Consequence

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9
Q

Refers to dependent and/or temporal relations between operant behavior and its controlling variables.

A

Contingency

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10
Q

A reinforcer that can be eaten, such as a sip of a preferred drink or a bite of preferred food.

A

Edible reinforcer

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11
Q

A schedule of reinforcement in which the reinforcer is delivered for the first response that occurs after an interval of time has elapsed.

A

Fixed interval

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12
Q

A schedule of reinforcement in which a specific number of responses must occur before the reinforcer is delivered.

A

Fixed ratio

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13
Q

F

A

Negative reinforcement

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14
Q

A stimulus whose termination or reduction in intensity functions as reinforcement.

A

Negative reinforcer

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15
Q

A behavioral effect associated with abrupt increases in ratio requirements when moving from denser to thinner reinforcement schedules. Common effects include avoidance, aggression, and unpredictable pauses or cessation in responding.

A

Ratio strain

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16
Q

Occurs when a stimulus change immediately follows a response and increases the future frequency of that type of behavior in similar conditions.

A

Reinforcement

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17
Q

A process in which an item from a preference assessment is delivered contingent on a behavior to see if the behavior increases.

A

Reinforcer assessment

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18
Q

A group of responses of varying typography, all of which produce the same effect on the environment.

A

Response class

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19
Q

A socially mediated reinforcer, such as physical contact, proximity, attention, or praise.

A

Social reinforcer

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20
Q

A group of stimuli that all have the same functional effect on a particular behavior. For example, each stimulus in a stimulus class may function as a discriminative stimulus for a particular behavior.

A

Stimulus class

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21
Q

A variety of procedures used to determine the stimuli that a person prefers, the relative preference values (high versus low) of those stimuli, the conditions under which those preference values remain in effect, and their presumed value as reinforcers.

A

Stimulus preference assessment

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22
Q

A reinforcer that is related to access to physical items, such as stickers, trinkets, school materials, trading cards, or small toys.

A

Tangible reinforcer

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23
Q

A stimulus that functions as a negative reinforcer as a result of the evolutionary development of the species.

A

Unconditioned negative reinforcer

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24
Q

A stimulus change that decreases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it, irrespective of the organism’s learning history with the stimulus.

A

Unconditioned punisher

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25
Q

A stimulus change that increases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it, irrespective of the organism’s learning history with the stimulus.

A

Unconditioned reinforcer

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26
Q

A schedule of reinforcement in which the first response that occurs after a specified and variable time interval is reinforced.

A

Variable interval

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27
Q

A schedule of reinforcement in which a specified but variable number of responses is needed for the delivery of the reinforcer.

A

Variable ratio

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28
Q

A stimulus change or condition that functions to evoke a behavior that has terminated it in the past, as a punisher when presented following behavior, and/or as a reinforcer when withdrawn following behavior.

A

Aversive stimulus

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29
Q

A behavior that prevents an aversive event.

A

Avoidance behavior

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30
Q

A contingency in which a response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus.

A

Avoidance contingency

31
Q

A technologically consistent behavior modification method that possesses sufficient generality across subjects, settings, and/or behaviors to warrant its codification and dissemination.

A

Behavior change tactic

32
Q

Disruptive behaviors which represent a major obstacle to habilitation. Severe aggression, self-injurious behavior, and violent tantrums are some of the behaviors that significantly restrict the lives of those who engage in them.

A

Challenging behavior

33
Q

A schedule of reinforcement in which each instance of the behavior is followed by the reinforcer.

A

Continuous reinforcement

34
Q

Behavior that results in the termination of an aversive stimulus.

A

Escape behavior

35
Q

A contingency in which a response terminates (produces escape from) an ongoing stimulus.

A

Escape contingency

36
Q

Behaviors maintained with negative reinforcement are placed on escape extinction when those behaviors are not followed by termination of the aversive stimulus; emitting the target behavior does not enable the person to escape the aversive situation.

A

Escape extinction

37
Q

The process by which, when a previously reinforced behavior is no longer followed by the reinforcing consequences, the frequency of the behavior decreases in the future.

A

Extinction

38
Q

An increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is initially implemented.

A

Extinction burst

39
Q

A process of withholding the maintaining reinforcer of a behavior to decrease its occurrence in the future.

A

Functional form of extinction

40
Q

A schedule of reinforcement in which not every instance of the behavior is followed by the delivery of the reinforcer. Includes fixed ratio, fixed interval, variable ratio, and variable interval schedules.

A

Intermittent schedule of reinforcement

41
Q

A response behavior is followed immediately by the removal of a stimulus, or a decrease in the intensity of the stimulus, that decreases the future frequency of similar responses under similar conditions.

A

Negative punishment

42
Q

A behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that decreases the future frequency of the behavior.

A

Positive punishment

43
Q

A type of reinforcement in which, contingent on the behavior, a stimulus or event is presented and the probability of the behavior increases in the future.

A

Positive reinforcement

44
Q

A statement describing a functional relation between behavior and one or more of its controlling variables with generality across organisms, species, settings, behavior, and time.

A

Principle of behavior

45
Q

The occurrence of a previously punished type of response without its punishing consequence.

A

Recovery from punishment procedure

46
Q

The relative frequency with which operant behavior is emitted during extinction.

A

Resistance to extinction

47
Q

Behavior that is elicited, or induced, by antecedent stimuli.

A

Respondent behavior

48
Q

A process in which a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus, which elicits an unconditioned response.

A

Respondent conditioning

49
Q

The process by which, when a conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned stimulus gradually ceases to elicit the conditioned response.

A

Respondent extinction

50
Q

A single instance of an occurrence of a specific class or type of behavior.

A

Response

51
Q

The process by which behaviors maintained by automatic reinforcement are placed on extinction by masking or removing the sensory consequence.

A

Sensory extinction

52
Q

A behavioral effect associated with extinction in which the behavior suddenly begins to occur after its frequency has decreased to its pre-reinforcement level or stopped entirely.

A

Spontaneous recovery

53
Q

A decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is increased in reinforcing effectiveness by the same motivating operation.

A

Abative effect

54
Q

A motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event.

A

Abolishing operation

55
Q

An alteration in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is altered in effectiveness by the same motivating operation.

A

Behavior-altering effect

56
Q

The state of an organism with respect to how much time has elapsed since it has consumed or contacted a particular type of reinforcer.

A

Deprivation

57
Q

A procedure in which a specific desirable behavior is followed by a reinforcer but other behaviors are not. The result is an increase in the desirable behavior and extinction of the other behaviors.

A

Differential reinforcement

58
Q

An opperant that occurs more frequently under some antecedent conditions than others.

A

Discriminated opperant

59
Q

A stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses have occurred and not been reinforced.

A

Discriminative stimulus

60
Q

A motivating operation that increases the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer.

A

Establishing operation

61
Q

An increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is increased in reinforcing effectiveness by the same motivating operation.

A

Evocative effect

62
Q

An inclusive term referring in general to all of a person’s learning experiences, and more specifically to past conditioning with respect to particular response classes or aspects of a person’s repertoire.

A

History of reinforcement

63
Q

An environmental variable that (a) alters (increases or decreases) the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and (b) alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus, object, or event.

A

Motivating operation

64
Q

Occurs when a behavior in a particular situation is followed by a reinforcing consequence, thus making the behavior more likely to occur in similar circumstances in the future.

A

Operant conditioning

65
Q

The absence of responding for a period of time following reinforcement. This effect is commonly produced by fixed interval (FI) and fixed ratio (FR) schedules of reinforcement.

A

Post-reinforcement pause

66
Q

A decrease in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event caused by a motivating operation.

A

Reinforcer-abolishing effect

67
Q

An increase in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event caused by a motivating operation.

A

Reinforcer-establishing effect

68
Q

A behavior change produced by differential reinforcement, resulting in the emergence of a new response class.

A

Response differentiation

69
Q

Progressive (and ultimately total) loss of effectiveness of a reinforcer.

A

Satiation

70
Q

A systematic approach to the understanding of natural phenomena that relies on determinism as its fundamental assumption, empiricism as its primary rule, experimentation as its basic strategy, replication as a requirement for believability, parsimony as a value, and philosophical doubt as its guiding conscience.

A

Science

71
Q

A situation in which the frequency, latency, duration, or amplitude of a behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus.

A

Stimulus control

72
Q

A stimulus in the presence of which a given behavior has not produced reinforcement in the past.

A

Stimulus delta

73
Q

The conventional procedure requires one behavior and two antecedent stimulus conditions.

A

Stimulus discrimination training

74
Q

An alteration in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event as a result of a motivating operation.

A

Value-altering effect

ABA 1 (2 decks)

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