Advanced ABA Flashcards
The development of a new behavior through reinforcement.
Acquisition
A condition of an experiment in which the independent variable is not present.
Baseline
The activity of living organisms, or what a person does and says.
Behavior
A form of evaluation that involves a full range of inquiry methods to identify problematic antecedent and consequent controlling variables.
Behavioral assessment
Disruptive behaviors which represent a major obstacle to habilitation. Severe aggression, self-injurious behavior, and violent tantrums are some of the behaviors that significantly restrict the lives of those who engage in them.
Challenging behavior
A stimulus change that follows a behavior of interest.
Consequence
Refers to dependent and/or temporal relations between operant behavior and its controlling variables.
Contingency
Behavior that is not observable to others.
Covert behavior
The results of measurement, usually in quantifiable form.
Data
The conglomerate of real circumstances in which the organism or referred part of an organism exists.
Environment
A carefully controlled comparison of some measure of the phenomenon of interest under two or more different conditions in which only one factor at a time differs from one condition to another.
Experiment
Designates responses as members of the targeted response class solely in terms of their common effect on the environment.
Function-based definition
A response behavior is followed immediately by the removal of a stimulus, or a decrease in the intensity of the stimulus, that decreases the future frequency of similar responses under similar conditions.
Negative punishment
A type of reinforcement in which the occurrence of the behavior is followed by the removal or avoidance of an aversive stimulus.
Negative reinforcement
A behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that decreases the future frequency of the behavior.
Positive punishment
A type of reinforcement in which, contingent on the behavior, a stimulus or event is presented and the probability of the behavior increases in the future.
Positive reinforcement
A statement describing a functional relation between behavior and one or more of its controlling variables with generality across organisms, species, settings, behavior, and time.
Principle of behavior
A process in which a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus, which elicits an unconditioned response.
Respondent conditioning
A single instance of an occurrence of a specific class or type of behavior.
Response
A group of responses of varying typography, all of which produce the same effect on the environment.
Response class
An environmental event that can be detected by one of the senses.
Stimulus
A group of stimuli that all have the same functional effect on a particular behavior. For example, each stimulus in a stimulus class may function as a discriminative stimulus for a particular behavior.
Stimulus class
Refers to the fact that every instance of behavior occurs during some amount of time.
Temporal extent
Refers to the fact that every instance of behavior occurs at a certain point in time with respect to other events.
Temporal locus
The physical form or shape of behavior.
Topography
Defines instances of the targeted response class by the shape or form of the behavior.
Topography-based definition
A motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event.
Abolishing operation
A stimulus or event that precedes the target behavior.
Antecedent
A set of stimuli that share a common relationship. All stimuli in an antecedent stimulus class evoke the same operant behavior, or elicit the same respondent behavior.
Antecedent stimulus class
Antecedent stimuli that evoke the same response but do not resemble each other in physical form or share a relational aspect such as bigger or under.
Arbitrary stimulus class
Punishment that occurs independent of the social mediation by others (that is, a response product that serves as a punisher independent of the social environment).
Automatic punishment
Reinforcement that occurs independent of the social mediation of others (for example, scratching an insect bite relieves the itch).
Automatic reinforcement
A complex example of stimulus control that requires stimulus generalization within a class of stimuli and discrimination between classes of stimuli.
Concept formation
Variables that are relevant to describing the stimulus environment. These can include people and items present.
Environmental variables
A motivating operation that increases the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer.
Establishing operation
Stimuli that share common physical forms or structures or common relative relationships.
Feature stimulus class
An environmental variable that (a) alters (increases or decreases) the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and (b) alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus, object, or event.
Motivating operation
A neutral change that does not elicit respondent behavior.
Neutral stimulus
Behavior that acts on the environment to produce an immediate consequence and, in turn, is strengthened by that consequence.
Operant behavior
Occurs when a behavior in a particular situation is followed by a reinforcing consequence, thus making the behavior more likely to occur in similar circumstances in the future.
Operant conditioning
An action that, when learned, produces corresponding modifications or covariation in other untrained behavior.
Pivotal behavior
A stimulus that will increase the future probability of a behavior when the stimulus is delivered contingent on the occurrence of the behavior.
Positive reinforcer
A stimulus or event that, when presented contingent on the occurrence of a behavior, decreases the future probability of the behavior.
Punisher
The process in which a behavior is followed by a consequence that results in a decrease in the future probability of the behavior.
Punishment
All of the behaviors that a person can do, or a set of behaviors relevant to a particular setting or task.
Repertoire
Behavior that is elicited, or induced, by antecedent stimuli.
Respondent behavior
A single instance of an occurrence of a specific class or type of behavior.
Response
A group of responses of varying typography, all of which produce the same effect on the environment.
Response class
A behavior change produced by differential reinforcement, resulting in the emergence of a new response class.
Response differentiation
The fundamental principle underlying operant conditioning. The basic tenet is that all forms of behavior, from simple to complex, are shaped, selected, and maintained by their consequences during an individual’s lifetime.
Selection by consequences
The antecedent that is present when the behavior occurs, the behavior, and the reinforcing consequence.
Three-term contingency
The response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus.
Unconditioned response
The stimulus component of an unconditioned reflex; a stimulus change that elicits respondent behavior without any prior learning.
Unconditioned stimulus
