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A&P 1 > Intro To A&P > Flashcards

Intro To A&P Flashcards

1
Q

Biology

A

Study of life

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2
Q

Characteristics of living organisms

A
  • Growth
  • Responsiveness
  • Reproduction
  • Movement
  • Metabolism
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3
Q

All disease and life occur at the…

A

Cellular level

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4
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of internal and external structure and the physical relationships among body parts.

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5
Q

Classifications of Anatomy

A
  • Gross Anatomy (Macroscopic): surface, regional, sectional

- Microscopic: cytology, histology

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6
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues (groups of specialized cells)

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7
Q

Cytology

A

Study of individual cells

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8
Q

Physiology

A

The study of human body function.

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9
Q

Classifications of Physiology

A
  • Cell
  • Special: specific organs
  • Systemic: specific organ systems
  • Pathologic: effects of disease on organ or system functions
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10
Q

Levels of organization

A

Chemical > Cellular > Tissue > Organ > Organ System > Organism

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11
Q

11 Organ Systems

A
  1. Nervous
  2. Integumentary
  3. Skeletal
  4. Muscular
  5. Cardiovascular
  6. Endocrine
  7. Lymphatic
  8. Respiratory
  9. Digestive
  10. Urinary
  11. Reproductive (Male/Female)
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12
Q

Nervous System

A

Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves

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13
Q

Integumentary System

A

Hair, skin, nails

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14
Q

Skeletal System

A

Supporting bones (scapula & clavicle), skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, sacrum, pelvis, upped & lower limb bones

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15
Q

Muscular System

A

Axial muscles, appendicular muscles, tendons

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16
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries

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17
Q

Endocrine System

A

Glands of body, pancreas, thymus, testes, ovaries

18
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, lymphatic vessel

19
Q

Respiratory System

A

Nasal cavity, sinus, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm

20
Q

Digestive System

A

Salivary Glands, mouth & teeth, pharynx, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, small & large intestines, anus

21
Q

Urinary System

A

Kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

22
Q

Reproductive System

A

Male: prostate gland, seminal gland, ductus deferens, urethra, epididymis, testes, penis, scrotum

Female: mammary glands, uterine tube, ovaries, uterus, vagina, external genitalia

23
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining stable internal conditions, (temperature, ionic concentrations, blood sugar levels, etc.)

24
Q

Regulation Process

A

Receptor > control center > effector

25
Q

Negative Feedback

A

Response NEGATES disturbances, constant occurrence

EX: thermometer > thermostat > air conditioner

26
Q

Positive Feedback

A

Response REINFORCES stimulus, eventually comes to a close

EX: blood clotting

27
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Hands at side, palms facing forward, feet together

28
Q

Supine vs Prone

A
  • Supine (face-up)

- Prone (face-down)

29
Q

Directional Terms

A 
Superior (up) 
Inferior (down)
Anterior (front)
Posterior (back)
Ventral (belly side)
Dorsal (backside) 
Cranial (toward head)
Caudal (toward feet)
Medial (toward middle)
Lateral (toward outside)
Proximal (toward base)
Distal (away from base)
Superficial (near surface)
Deep (away from surface)
30
Q

Planes and Sections

A

Transverse (divides superior & inferior)

Frontal (divides anterior & posterior)

Sagittal (divides left & right)

31
Q

Ventral body divided by…

A

Diaphragm

32
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

2 Pleural cavities (right & left lung)

Pericardial cavity (heart)

33
Q

Ventral body cavity includes…

A

Thoracic cavity & abdominopelvic cavity

34
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

Abdominal (liver, spleen, small intestine, most of large intestine)

Pelvic (urinary bladder, reproductive organs, distal portion of large intestine)

Peritoneal (visceral & parietal)

Kidneys in retroperitoneal space

35
Q

4 Abdominopelvic Quadrants

A
  1. Right Upper
  2. Right Lower
  3. Left Lower
  4. Left Upper
36
Q

9 Abdominopelvic Regions

A
  1. Right hypochondriac
  2. Right lumbar
  3. Right inguinal
  4. Epigastric
  5. Umbilical
  6. Hypogastric (Pubic)
  7. Left hypochondriac
  8. Left lumbar
  9. Left inguinal
37
Q

X-Rays

A

Black & white picture, white area usually bone or dense area

38
Q

CT Scan

A

Use x-rays to creat sectional views

39
Q

MRI

A

Sectional view, can show soft tissue using magnetic field 3000X stronger than earth’s

40
Q

Ultrasound

A

Small transmitter uses high frequency sound to detect echoes which reflect internal structures showing a picture

A&P 1 (2 decks)

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