Intro Stuff

Question 1

What are the 6 essential organic elements?

Answer 1

Hydrogen, Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous and sulphur

Question 2

Why are the 6 essential organic elements important?

Answer 2

They are the building blocks for almost every organic compound

Question 3

What are the organic carbon-containing nutrients?

Answer 3

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats and vitamins

Question 4

What are the criteria for essential?

Answer 4

-Required for growth, health and survival
-Not synthesized by the body
-is critical for the function and development

Question 5

What are DRI’s

Answer 5

4 different values that can be used to help plan and assess diets for different types individuals and groups

Question 6

What are EAR’s?

Answer 6

Estimated Average Requirements
- Average daily amounts of a specific nutrient to maintain bidy function in half of a specific healthy population

Question 7

How are EAR’s used?

Answer 7

-Used to calculate RDA
-Used to assess the adequacy of nutrient intakes, can be used to plan the intake of a group
- Set goals for mean intake for a specific group

Question 8

What are EAR’s based on?

Answer 8

-Specific criterion of adequacy
-Reduction of disease risk and other health parameters

Question 9

What is a RDA

Answer 9

Average daily amount of nutrients needed to meet the nutrient requirements of almost all healthy people in a particular group

Question 10

How are RDA’s made?

Answer 10

-Set above the EAR to prevent nutrient deficiencies
-Based on nutrient specific evidence

Question 11

How are RDA’s used?

Answer 11

Used for assessing individual needs but specifically set the goal for usual intake by an individual
-Individuals should aim for this intake when they are planning

Question 12

What is an AI?

Answer 12

Adequate Intakes
-Average daily amount of a nutrient estimated to be sufficient to maintain a specific criterion or normal body function

Question 13

How are AI’s created?

Answer 13

Estimated based on limited evidence (lacking dietary studies to create an RDA
-Based on observed/ experimentally determined nutrient intake of healthy people

Question 14

How are AI’s used?

Answer 14

When RDA is unavailable, Ai used for goal intake by an individual
-expected to meet or exceed the needs of most individuals in a group

Question 15

What is a UL?

Answer 15

Max daily amount of a nutrient likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects for most healthy populations

Question 16

How are UL’s used?

Answer 16

Prevention of toxicity and adverse health effects
-As intake increases above the UL, the potential risk of adverse health effects increases

Question 17

What is AMDR?

Answer 17

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
-range of intake for a particular energy source that is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease while providing intake of essential nutrients

Question 18

AMDR’s for carbs proteins and fats

Answer 18

Carbs - 45-65%
Fats - 20 - 35%
Protein - 10-35%

Question 19

How is ATP created?

Answer 19

By oxidation of food fuels to CO2 and H2O

Question 20

How is energy produced from food?

Answer 20

Released from energy yielding nutrients and is captured by ATP and other carriers

Entire process produces heat

Question 21

What are the obligatory (essential) sources of heat production?

Answer 21

• Realeased from anabolic and catabolic reactions
• Produces by molecular transport processes

Question 22

Why are there regulatory sources of heat production?

Answer 22

• involved in homeostasis of body temp and overall body maintance

Question 23

How much heat is lost from the biochemical inefficencies

Answer 23

60%

Question 24

How are water soluble nutrients absorbed?

Answer 24

directly into the capillaries, feeding into the protal vein (liver)

a.a, glycerol, sfa, electrolyrtes and water soluble vitamins

Question 25

How are lipid soluble nutrients absorbed?

Answer 25

Transported thu chylomicrons intp the lymphatics because CM;s are to larger to enter capillaries