Intro Stuff Flashcards
What are the 6 essential organic elements?
Hydrogen, Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous and sulphur
Why are the 6 essential organic elements important?
They are the building blocks for almost every organic compound
What are the organic carbon-containing nutrients?
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats and vitamins
What are the criteria for essential?
-Required for growth, health and survival
-Not synthesized by the body
-is critical for the function and development
What are DRI’s
4 different values that can be used to help plan and assess diets for different types individuals and groups
What are EAR’s?
Estimated Average Requirements
- Average daily amounts of a specific nutrient to maintain bidy function in half of a specific healthy population
How are EAR’s used?
-Used to calculate RDA
-Used to assess the adequacy of nutrient intakes, can be used to plan the intake of a group
- Set goals for mean intake for a specific group
What are EAR’s based on?
-Specific criterion of adequacy
-Reduction of disease risk and other health parameters
What is a RDA
Average daily amount of nutrients needed to meet the nutrient requirements of almost all healthy people in a particular group
How are RDA’s made?
-Set above the EAR to prevent nutrient deficiencies
-Based on nutrient specific evidence
How are RDA’s used?
Used for assessing individual needs but specifically set the goal for usual intake by an individual
-Individuals should aim for this intake when they are planning
What is an AI?
Adequate Intakes
-Average daily amount of a nutrient estimated to be sufficient to maintain a specific criterion or normal body function
How are AI’s created?
Estimated based on limited evidence (lacking dietary studies to create an RDA
-Based on observed/ experimentally determined nutrient intake of healthy people
How are AI’s used?
When RDA is unavailable, Ai used for goal intake by an individual
-expected to meet or exceed the needs of most individuals in a group
What is a UL?
Max daily amount of a nutrient likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects for most healthy populations
How are UL’s used?
Prevention of toxicity and adverse health effects
-As intake increases above the UL, the potential risk of adverse health effects increases
What is AMDR?
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
-range of intake for a particular energy source that is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease while providing intake of essential nutrients
AMDR’s for carbs proteins and fats
Carbs - 45-65%
Fats - 20 - 35%
Protein - 10-35%
How is ATP created?
By oxidation of food fuels to CO2 and H2O
How is energy produced from food?
Released from energy yielding nutrients and is captured by ATP and other carriers
Entire process produces heat
What are the obligatory (essential) sources of heat production?
- Realeased from anabolic and catabolic reactions
- Produces by molecular transport processes
Why are there regulatory sources of heat production?
- involved in homeostasis of body temp and overall body maintance
How much heat is lost from the biochemical inefficencies
60%
How are water soluble nutrients absorbed?
directly into the capillaries, feeding into the protal vein (liver)
a.a, glycerol, sfa, electrolyrtes and water soluble vitamins
How are lipid soluble nutrients absorbed?
Transported thu chylomicrons intp the lymphatics because CM;s are to larger to enter capillaries
