Alcohol Metabolism Flashcards
Whats the RQ of alcohol
and why
0.66
1.Acetyl coa metabolized
Describe where the absorption of alcohol occurs
- requires no digestion
- 20% absorbed in the stomach and most in small intestine
- Metabolized by liver on 1st pass
Rate of absortion?
process?
20mins happens by diffusion
Rate of metabolism?
0.5oz/hr
What are the 3 pathways to detoxify alcohol
- ADH
- MEOS
- Catalase
Describe the ADH pathway
- ADH converts ethanol into acetylaldhyde, also convert NAD+ to NADH
- ALDH convert acetylaldehyde to acetic acid (NAD+ to NADH+)
- Acetic Acid + CoEz A –> A.CoA
What are the by-product build up of alcohol detoxification
acetylaldehyde and NADH
What can polymorphisms of ADH and ALDH effect
amount of acetylaldehyde that is produced
Describe what the MEOS pathway does
- Uses NADPH + H+ to break down alcohol to acetylaldehyde using energy source from ADH pathway
- can lead to weight loss b/c of E displacement
Frequent intoxication causes the upregulation of what pathway?
MEOS
What pathway is responsibile for alcohol tolerance
MEOS
How does the meos pathway create cross tolerance to drugs
- In heavy drinkers, when sober it can create upregulation which creates faster metabolism of drugs
- slower metabolism in other drugs when alcohol is present
Why is Vit A deficiency created ?
-increased rates of oxidation of retinol to inert molecules
- decreased synthesis of binding proteins needed to circulate for Vit A
- Decreased conversion of retinol to retinal
- reduced vit A absortbion associated with pancreatic disease
What induces the MEOS pathway
frequent intoxication
what is the legal BAC
How many drink for men and women
0.08%
W- 3 and M-4
What causes different rates of metabolism between people
- Activity of ADH and ALDH
Is alcohol intake good or bad?
- it depends on intake, greater than recommeded is detrimental
- greatest benefits in middle aged adults than young adults (1,2 drink women and men)
What is regular moderate intake of alcohol associated with health wise positive?
- prevention of T2D and dementia
- Improvement of heart and circulatory sytem
- U shaped relationship
What are the short term health risks of alcohol?
- Injuries, violence, alcohol poisioning, miscarriage, still birth and FASD
What are the long term health risk with alcohol
- High BP
- Heart dieases
- Cancer
- decreased immune system
- learning and memory problems
- mental health problems
- dependence
how does increased alcohol consumption impact glucose metabolism?
- increased ratios of A. CoA to/CoA and NADH to NAD+
- Lactic Acidosisn no uptake of H+ ions
- Glycolysis is inhibited –> post meal hyperglycemia
- gluconeogensis inhibiteed –> hypoglycemia
What are the 2 categories of fatty liver diease?
- Alcohol related fatty liver disease: excessive alcohol intake
- Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease: excessive calorie intake, abnormal fat accumulation on the liver
What is hepatic steatosis
defects in fetty acid synthesis, oxidation and transport, mitochandrial damage - due to alcohol and insulin resisitance
