Alcohol Metabolism

Question 1

Whats the RQ of alcohol

and why

Answer 1

0.66
1.Acetyl coa metabolized

Question 2

Describe where the absorption of alcohol occurs

Answer 2

• requires no digestion
• 20% absorbed in the stomach and most in small intestine
• Metabolized by liver on 1st pass

Question 3

Rate of absortion?

process?

Answer 3

20mins happens by diffusion

Question 4

Rate of metabolism?

Answer 4

0.5oz/hr

Question 5

What are the 3 pathways to detoxify alcohol

Answer 5

• ADH
• MEOS
• Catalase

Question 6

Describe the ADH pathway

Answer 6

• ADH converts ethanol into acetylaldhyde, also convert NAD+ to NADH
• ALDH convert acetylaldehyde to acetic acid (NAD+ to NADH+)
• Acetic Acid + CoEz A –> A.CoA

Question 7

What are the by-product build up of alcohol detoxification

Answer 7

acetylaldehyde and NADH

Question 8

What can polymorphisms of ADH and ALDH effect

Answer 8

amount of acetylaldehyde that is produced

Question 9

Describe what the MEOS pathway does

Answer 9

• Uses NADPH + H+ to break down alcohol to acetylaldehyde using energy source from ADH pathway

- can lead to weight loss b/c of E displacement

Question 10

Frequent intoxication causes the upregulation of what pathway?

Answer 10

MEOS

Question 11

What pathway is responsibile for alcohol tolerance

Answer 11

MEOS

Question 12

How does the meos pathway create cross tolerance to drugs

Answer 12

• In heavy drinkers, when sober it can create upregulation which creates faster metabolism of drugs
• slower metabolism in other drugs when alcohol is present

Question 13

Why is Vit A deficiency created ?

Answer 13

-increased rates of oxidation of retinol to inert molecules
- decreased synthesis of binding proteins needed to circulate for Vit A
- Decreased conversion of retinol to retinal
- reduced vit A absortbion associated with pancreatic disease

Question 14

What induces the MEOS pathway

Answer 14

frequent intoxication

Question 15

what is the legal BAC

How many drink for men and women

Answer 15

0.08%

W- 3 and M-4

Question 16

What causes different rates of metabolism between people

Answer 16

• Activity of ADH and ALDH

Question 17

Is alcohol intake good or bad?

Answer 17

• it depends on intake, greater than recommeded is detrimental
• greatest benefits in middle aged adults than young adults (1,2 drink women and men)

Question 18

What is regular moderate intake of alcohol associated with health wise positive?

Answer 18

• prevention of T2D and dementia
• Improvement of heart and circulatory sytem
• U shaped relationship

Question 19

What are the short term health risks of alcohol?

Answer 19

• Injuries, violence, alcohol poisioning, miscarriage, still birth and FASD

Question 20

What are the long term health risk with alcohol

Answer 20

• High BP
• Heart dieases
• Cancer
• decreased immune system
• learning and memory problems
• mental health problems
• dependence

Question 21

how does increased alcohol consumption impact glucose metabolism?

Answer 21

• increased ratios of A. CoA to/CoA and NADH to NAD+
• Lactic Acidosisn no uptake of H+ ions
• Glycolysis is inhibited –> post meal hyperglycemia
• gluconeogensis inhibiteed –> hypoglycemia

Question 22

What are the 2 categories of fatty liver diease?

Answer 22

• Alcohol related fatty liver disease: excessive alcohol intake
• Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease: excessive calorie intake, abnormal fat accumulation on the liver

Question 23

What is hepatic steatosis

Answer 23

defects in fetty acid synthesis, oxidation and transport, mitochandrial damage - due to alcohol and insulin resisitance