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PSYCHIATRY > Intro: Review of Psych > Flashcards

Intro: Review of Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Definition: situations that cause marked distress to individual, and/or severe disruption of personal, social, and occupational functioning

A

Mental illness

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2
Q

True or false: Socially deviant behavior and conflicts that are primarily between individual and society are NOT mental disorders

A

True (unless the deviance or conflict results from a dysfunction in the individual)

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3
Q

Definition: ability to mange, self-regulate, and control conditions that lead to stress

A

resilience

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4
Q

What factors foster resilience?

A 
Supportive, Cohesive family
External support systems
Intelligence
Hardiness (strong genetic endowment)
Autonomy (risk taking with a safety net)
Positive social orientation.
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5
Q

What is a risk factor for lack of resilience?

A

growing up in chaos

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6
Q

Definition: normal reaction caused by disrupted attachment with fluctuating arousal, protest, agitation, withdrawal, agression and eventual reorganization of behavior

A

normal grief

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7
Q

Definition: feelings of intense guilt, prolonged anhedonia, inability to find any meaning in life, and suicidal ideation

A

complicated grief

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8
Q

Definition: grief that occurs before a death or occurrence has actually happened (addressed by palliative care)

A

anticipatory grief

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9
Q

Definition: form of patterned maladaption in circumstances that overwhelm normal coping (feel trapped, experience subjective incompetence, and believe they cannot master what troubles them)

A

demoralizaiton

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10
Q

Who gets demoralization?

A

Especially common with serious chronic medical disorders.

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11
Q

How do you help a demoralized patient?

A

giving the person more control of their situation and treating aversive symptoms

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12
Q

What is the difference between mood and affect?

A

Mood is subjective (reported by patient); Affect is how the emotional state comes across to the observer

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13
Q

Definition: preoccupation with distressing thoughts as seen in depression and anxiety

A

rumination

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14
Q

Definition: unwanted concerns, ideas, images or impulses intruding into consciousness

A

obsessions

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15
Q

Definition: false beliefs foreign to the individual’s sociocultural or religious background that persist despite evidence to the contrary

A

deulsions

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16
Q

Definition: thought form with wandering from a topic

A

tangentiality

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17
Q

Definition: thought form with providing excessive detail

A

circumstantiality

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18
Q

Definition: thought form with “loose associations” with complete loss of logical connectedness

A

derailment

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19
Q

Definition: thought form with inability to move from one idea to the next

A

perseveration

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20
Q

Definition: perceptions that are misinterpreted

A

illusions

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21
Q

Definition: sensory experiences that occur without external stimulation

A

hallucinations

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22
Q

Who has a developmental theory of Intellectual Development?

A

Piaget

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23
Q

Who has a developmental theory of Psychosexual Development?

A

Freud

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24
Q

Who has a developmental theory of Psychosocial Development?

A

Erickson

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25
Q

Who has a developmental theory of Moral Development?

A

Kohlberg

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26
Q

According to Piaget, children are born with what 2 cognitive functions?

A

organizational ability

adaptive ability

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27
Q

What two strategies are used by children to make sense of the evironment?

A

Assimilation

Accommodation

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28
Q

What is assimilation?

A

experiences are interpreted and acted upon within the framework of an existing schema (ex. if it can fit in mouth, it can be eaten)

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29
Q

What is accommodation?

A

schemas are altered to fit disconfirming experiences that cause disequilibrium between cognitive understanding and external reality (ex. a thumb in my mouth does not provide food)

30
Q

What are the 4 major stages of cognitive development? What ages?

A

Sensorimotor Stage (birth to 2)
Preoperational Stage (2-7)
Concrete Operational Stage (7-12)
Formal Operational Stage (12-adulthood)

31
Q

What kind of thinking occurs in the sensorimotor stage?

A

Preverbal; progress from inborn reflexive actions to combining acts to solve simple problems

32
Q

What kind of thinking occurs in the preoperational stage?

A

Prelogical; children learn to use language and symbols (semiotic functioning), problem solving is intuitive rather than logical/rational, and analytic thinking poorly developed

33
Q

What kind of thinking occurs in the concrete operational stage?

A

Logical; child is able to conceptualize world from an external point of view, can only solve problem if elements are physically present

34
Q

What kind of thinking occurs in the formal operational stage?

A

Abstract; comprehension of purely abstract or symbolic content; development of advanced logical operations

35
Q

What specific “skill” occurs in sensorimotor stage?

A

object permanence

36
Q

When do children develop compensation? What is a specific example of this?

A
  • Concrete operational stage (7)

- Compensation is ability to consider multiple dimensions of problems 9ex. understanding law of conservation)

37
Q

What is transivity? When does it develop?

A

mental arrangement of dimensions of objects (develops in concrete operational)

38
Q

When does hypothesis formation occur?

A

formal operational stage

39
Q

What is seriation? When does it develop?

A

appreciation of relationships in serial order (develops in concrete operational)

40
Q

What are the 5 Freudal stages of Psychosexual development? What ages?

A
  • Oral stage (birth-1)
  • Anal stage (1-3)
  • Phallic Stage (3-6)
  • Latency Stage (6-puberty)
  • Genital Stage (puberty to adulthood)
41
Q

What are characteristics of oral stage?

A

Libidal energy concentrated in mouth, lips and tongue (infant’s need to take in nutrition)

42
Q

What are characteristics of anal stage?

A

Libidal energy concentrated in anal sphincter and bladder (toilet training demands)

43
Q

What are characteristics of phallic stage?

A

Awareness of male-female differences, pleasure from masturbation, Oedipal conflict

44
Q

What are characteristics of latency stage?

A

Sexual strivings largely suppressed, libidal energy channeled to socially acceptable behaviors (study, sports, etc.)

45
Q

What are characteristics of genital stage?

A

Reinvestment of libidal energy in sex organs, physiological maturation

46
Q

What are characteristics of fixation in the oral stage?

A

Excessive smoking, eating, craving social contact

47
Q

What are characteristics of fixation in the anal stage?

A

Excessive orderliness or obstinate, retentive behaviors

48
Q

What are characteristics of fixation in the phallic stage?

A

Difficulties with sexual relationships

49
Q

What is the underlying goal in the genital stage?

A

to reproduce through sexual relationship

50
Q

According to Erikson, what happens from birth to 1 yo?

A

Basic Trust should develop

51
Q

What happens if basic trust does not develop?

A

relationships are too disappointing or dangerous to rely upon

52
Q

According to Erikson, what happens from 1-3 yo?

A

autonomy should develop (independence in rudimentary aspects of living)

53
Q

What happens if autonomy does not develop?

A

self doubt

54
Q

According to Erikson, what happens from 3-6?

A

initiative (mastery over environment, balance desires of self and others, set internal limits)

55
Q

What happens if initiative doesn’t develop?

A

can lead to conflicts with others (parents) producing guilt

56
Q

According to Erikson, what happens from 6-12?

A

industry (learning to meet school and social demands)

57
Q

What happens if industry does not develop?

A

feelings of inequality, inferiority, and worthlessness

58
Q

According to Erikson, what happens from 12-20?

A

identity (establish sense of self and a physical, sexual and vocational being)

59
Q

What happens if identity does not develop?

A

Failure leads to indecision, vacillation, sense of purposelessness

60
Q

According to Erikson, what happens from 20-40?

A

Intimacy (moves from self-centered focus to affiliation and partnership with others)

61
Q

What happens if intimacy does not develop?

A

isolation (loneliness, if you do not develop intimate relationships)

62
Q

According to Erikson, what happens from 65-death?

A

ego integrity (acceptance of one’s life with successes and failures)

63
Q

What happens if ego integrity does not develop?

A

hopelessness and despair

64
Q

What are the 3 basic levels of morality?

A
  • Preconvential (premoral) (0-2)
  • Conventional (moral) (2-12)
  • Postconvential (principled) (12+)
65
Q

What drives behavior during Kohlberg’s preconvential stage?

A

Punishment-obedience: basis of moral judgment based on consequences (reward or punishment) and conformity to imposed rules

66
Q

What drives behavior during Kohlberg’s conventional phase (from 2-6 years old)?

A

Instrumental-relavistic (satisify own needs)

Good-Boy/Nice girl (desire to please others)

67
Q

What drives behavior during Kohlberg’s conventional phase (from 6-12 years old)?

A

law and order (basis of moral judgment based on principles, rights, values)

68
Q

What drives behavior during Kohlberg’s postconventional phase (12+)?

A 
Social contract (legalistic)
Universal (ethical-principled)
69
Q

What is the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

A

performance and adaptive learning are optimal under moderate rather than either high or low stress (arousal) conditions.

70
Q

According to Yerkes-Dodson Law, when is learning of new or difficult tasks optimal?

A

low/moderate stress conditions

71
Q

According to Yerkes-Dodson law, when is performance of well-learned tasks optimal?

A

high stress conditions

72
Q

Chronic stress leads to persistent activation of what brain portion?

A

amygdala

PSYCHIATRY (9 decks)

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