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PSYCHIATRY > 2. Personality and Impulse Control > Flashcards

2. Personality and Impulse Control Flashcards

1
Q

What are disruptive disorders also called?

A

externalizing disorders

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2
Q

What are disruptive disorders closely related to? How do these two things differ?

A

Closely related to antisocial personality (but typically patients feel regret and guilt)

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3
Q

Name the 3 disruptive disorders.

A
  • Intermittent explosive disorder
  • Kleptomania
  • Pyromania
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4
Q

How does intermittent explosive disorder present?

A

Sudden bursts or anger in “attacks” or “spells” that are associated with assaulting others/destruction of property and are followed by deep regret

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5
Q

What are the characteristics of a kleptomaniac?

A
  • Have irresistible impulse to steal things that you do not need
  • Return objects, hide them, or give them away
  • Followed by guilt, anxiety and remorse
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6
Q

What are the characteristics of a pyromaniac?

A
  • Repetitive, deliberate fire-setting that relieves tension or produces arousal
  • Attraction to fires and firefighting equiptment
  • Usually starts in childhood
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7
Q

Definition: incoming information that is threatening or contradictory memory is refuted

A

denial

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8
Q

Definition: perceptions of events that are threatening or contradictory to past experiences are neither recognized nor retrievable from memory (seen with early trauma)

A

repression

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9
Q

Definition: an event or memory is re-conceptualized in sufficiently abstract terms to “distance” it from its original referent and associated conditioned emotional responses

A

intellectualization

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10
Q

Definition: an idea, feeling, or behavior inconsistent with one’s self-concept is attributed to another person

A

projection

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11
Q

Definition: stress is responded to using cognitive processes from earlier developmental stages associated with periods of less stressful coping

A

regression

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12
Q

What do denial, repression, intellectualizaiton, projection and regression have in common?

A

they are all defense mechanisms

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13
Q

What determiens the efficacy of any psychotherapeutic modality?

A

therapeutic alliance

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14
Q

What does a therapeutic alliance do for the patient?

A

instills hope

fosters patients’ self-efficacy or sense of mastery

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15
Q

What is required for a successful therapeutic alliance (4 things)?

A
  • Conceptual compatibility between patient and therapist
  • Patient’s feeling respected without judgement
  • Caring, empathetic, genuine therapist
  • Therapist’s skill in using empirically validated therapeutic tools
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16
Q

What does the contextual model assume?

A

the healing context (therapist’s confidence, patient’s belief in treatment, therapist-patient relationship, rationale for treatment, meaning patient attributes to therapy) is critical in producing results

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17
Q

definition: enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, is pervasive and inflexible, is stable over time, and leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in areas of functioning

A

Personality disorders

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18
Q

When do personality disorders begin?

A

have onset in adolescence or early adulthood (firmly established)

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19
Q

True or false: personality traits may predict health and mortality, academic success, job performance, capacity for lasting relationships, and drug abuse/criminality

A

TRUE (despite the fact that personality traits are not a disorder)

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20
Q

When do you first see signs of personality disorders?

A

in childhood

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21
Q

What are risk factors for the development of personality disorders?

A
  • Fixation at early stage
  • Lack of development of “basic trust”
  • Extended early emotional trauma and abuse (negatively affects coping skills and brain development)
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22
Q

What is basic trust?

A

sense that world is safe and good place (should be present early in a child’s life but can be impeded by chaos or abuse in childhood)

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23
Q

What is key to remember when treating a patient with a personality disorder?

A

always maintian good, firm boundaries

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24
Q

When do you treat a patient with a personality disorder?

A

only if they are also suffering from a mood or anxiety disorder

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25
Q

Disorders in cluster A.

A

Paranoid
Schizoid
Schizotypal

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26
Q

Disorders in cluster B

A

Antisocial
Borderline
Histrionic
Narcissistic

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27
Q

Disorders in cluster C

A

Avoidant
Dependent
Obsessive-compulsive

28
Q

Personality trait: suspicious, mistrustful, rigid, defensive, self-righteous

A

paranoid

29
Q

Personality trait: alienated, solitary loner, emotionally cold and detached

A

schizoid

30
Q

Personality trait: odd ideas or behaviors

A

schizotypal

31
Q

Personality trait: amoral, destructive

A

ANTISOCIAL

32
Q

Personality trait: perfectionist, inflexible, rigid, humorless, miserly, “anal”

A

obsessive-compulsive

33
Q

Personality trait: inflated self-image, arrogant, devalues others

A

Narcissistic

34
Q

Personality trait: unstable mood and relationship

A

borderline

35
Q

Personality trait: pervasive reliance on others, insecure, clinging

A

dependent

36
Q

Personality trait: dramatic, flamboyant

A

histrionic

37
Q

Personality trait: excessive anxiety, procrastinator, passive-aggressive

A

avoidant

38
Q

Defense mechanism used by paranoid personality?

A

blaming (projection)

39
Q

What type of relationships to paranoid personality types have?

A

suspicious, and unforgiving of mistakes

40
Q

Who would choose a night shift and like to work alone (and does not want close friends)?

A

schizoid personality

41
Q

What two personality types may be pre-morbid stages to schizophrenia?

A

schizoid

schizotypal

42
Q

What type of relationships do schizotypal personality types have?

A

no close friends or associates

43
Q

Are people with schizotypal personality psychotic?

A

NO–still in touch with reality (even though they have perceptual distortions with suspicious/magical thinking)

44
Q

Wat cluster is high on the “estraversion dimension”?

A

cluster B

45
Q

What is the extraversion dimension?

A

seeking excitement and having a short attention span

46
Q

What is the common risk factor for cluster B personalities?

A

CHAOTIC FAMILY LIFE

47
Q

What types of relationships do cluster B patients have?

A

intense, stormy and short-lasting

48
Q

True or false: cluster B patients are commonly treated with medication.

A

FALSE–they are not bipolar so they do not improve with medicaiton (unless also addressed in psychotherapy)

49
Q

What is common in cluster B people?

A

impusivity, erratic behavior, mood swings, life-long pattern of instability

50
Q

What personality type is a “moral imbecile”?

A

antisocial personality

51
Q

What does it mean to be a moral imbecile?

A

no conscience, no empathy for misery their behavior causes others

52
Q

How old must you be to be classified as antisocial personality?

A

18 or older and have evidence of conduct disorder before age 15

53
Q

What is the defense mechanism of an antisocial personality?

A

never at fault (no guild/remorse)

54
Q

What are relationships like for antisocial individuals?

A
  • Attracted to other cluster B people
  • Multiple marriages
  • Superficial charmers
55
Q

What personality type is highly suggestible (seductive but unaware), naive, and emotionally liable?

A

histrionic personality

56
Q

How do histrionic personality patients present?

A

multiple somatic complaints and imprecise in global in verbal descriptions

57
Q

What are risk factors for a histrionic personality?

A

family history of alcohol

family history of antisocial personality

58
Q

What personality disorder does narcissistic personality disorder overlap with?

A

overlaps with antisocial

59
Q

How might a person with narcissistic personality present?

A
  • patient who demands special treatment

- becomes suicidal when rejected

60
Q

In what personality type is all-or-none thinking seen?

A

borderline personality

61
Q

What is all-or-none thinking?

A

everything is split into black or white (no grey areas)

62
Q

How does a borderline personality react with others?

A
  • Boundary issues (can’t determine what is and is not their business)
  • Like to pit people against each other and start discord as a defense mechanism
63
Q

What are relationships like with a patient with borderline personality?

A

stormy
many poor choices
unstable relationships

64
Q

How might a borderline personality present?

A
  • Substance use/misuse
  • Self-injurious behavior (feeling of emptiness relieved by pain)
  • Suicidal gestures and attempts
65
Q

What are some risk factors of borderline personality?

A

history of severe physical, sexual or emotional abuse

66
Q

What are some characteristics of obsessive compulsive personality?

A
  • Excessive devotion to work
  • Pre-occupied with details and rules
  • Schedules everything
  • Driven by logic
  • Hoards things (can’t throw things away)
  • Gets upset when things don’t work out according to plan
67
Q

What personality type cannot take risks and goes great lengths to avoid being judged (avoids conflict and responsibility)?

A

avoidant personality

PSYCHIATRY (9 decks)

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