Intro Notes (measurement, descriptive statistics, normal distribution)

Question 1

What are the three central tendency statistics?

Answer 1

Mean, median and mode

Question 2

What are the 4 types of dispersion?

Answer 2

1. Range,
2. Interquartile range,
3. variance, and
4. Standard Deviation

Question 3

The difference between the highest and lowest observation or measured value of a construct is which type of dispersion?

Answer 3

Range

Question 4

The difference between the largest and smallest observation without correcting for rounding error in measurements is which type of Range?

Answer 4

Exclusive Range

Question 5

The difference between the largest and smallest observation but correcting for rounding error in measurements is which type of Range?

Answer 5

Inclusive Range

Question 6

value at 3rd quartile – value at 1st quartile or value at 75th percentile – value at 25th percentile is which type of dispersion?

Answer 6

Interquartile Range

Question 7

Interquartilerange/2 • (Q3–Q1)/2 is which type of interquartile range?

Answer 7

Semi-Interquartile range

Question 8

What is the best use for the semi-interquartile range?

Answer 8

canbeusedasaroughtestfor symmetry of a distribution

Question 9

What are the two types of deviations within an interquartile range?

Answer 9

1. Quartile deviation

2. Coefficient of quartile deviation

Question 10

Which of the two types of deviations within an interquartile range is the averageofthe range from Q1 to Q2 and of the range from Q2 to Q3?
Visual: ((Q2-Q1) + (Q3-Q2))/2

Answer 10

Quartile Deviation

Question 11

Which of the two types of deviations within an interquartile range is a measure of interquartile dispersion that is relative to the size and distribution of the observations and of the measurements of a construct?
Visual: (Q3 – Q1)/(Q3 + Q1)

Answer 11

Coefficient of Quartile Variation

Question 12

What is the most common measure of dispersion/variability/ spread?

Answer 12

Standard Deviation

Question 13

Which type of deviation is the square of the deviations from the mean?

Answer 13

Standard Deviation

Question 14

What does it mean to deviate?

Answer 14

To differ from typical or average

Question 15

Statistically typical or normal takes the form of a measure of……

Answer 15

Central Tendencies (Mean, median, mode)

Question 16

Statistically: If a person scores above the mean, the deviation yields a_______ number

Answer 16

positive

Question 17

Statistically: If a person scores below the mean, the deviation yields a ___________ number

Answer 17

negative

Question 18

Measure of typicality; typical score in a distribution

Answer 18

Central Tendency

Question 19

What is Spread of the distribution

Answer 19

Dispersion

Question 20

The most frequently occurring observation or measured value for a construct or phenomenon

Answer 20

Mode

Question 21

Middleobservationor measured value of a construct in a distribution; 50th percentile

Answer 21

Median

Question 22

Average score; typically the arithmetic average, but not always

Answer 22

Mean

Question 23

When reporting measures of central tendency, a nominal scale of measurement will yield a _________ (Central Tendency).

Answer 23

Mode

Question 24

When reporting measures of central tendency, an ordinal scale of measurement will yield a _________ and _______(Central Tendencies).

Answer 24

Mode and Median

Question 25

When reporting measures of central tendency, an interval scale of measurement will yield a _______, ________ and _______(Central Tendencies).

Answer 25

Mode, Median, Mean*

Question 26

When reporting measures of central tendency, a ratio scale of measurement will yield a _______, ________ and _______(Central Tendencies).

Answer 26

Mode, Median, Mean

Question 27

When reporting measures of dispersion, a interval scale of measurement will yield aprimary concern of ________ (Dispersion type)

Answer 27

Standard deviation

Question 28

When reporting measures of dispersion, a interval scale of measurement will yield aprimary concern of ________ (Dispersion type)

Answer 28

Standard deviation

Question 29

When reporting measures of dispersion, an ordinal scale of measurement will yield a primary concern of ________ (Dispersion type)

Answer 29

Range

Question 30

When reporting measures of dispersion, a nominal scale of measurement will yield ____ _______ (Dispersion types)

Answer 30

Pie Chart Dispersion types

Question 31

Think about the conceptual data of standard deviation, What happens if the sample size (the number of scores) increases?

Answer 31

The standard deviation gets smaller!

Question 32

Think about the conceptual data of standard deviation, What happens if the sample size (the number of scores) decreases?

Answer 32

The standard deviation gets bigger.

Question 33

Assigning values to according to a system (often in the form of an operation definition) that represents a model (often in the form of a theoretical or constitutive definition)

Answer 33

Measurement

Question 34

Process of assigning values to indicants associated with a construct

Answer 34

Measurement

Question 35

Event, occurrence, situation, or behavior that can be observed.

Answer 35

Phenomenon

Question 36

An unobservable entity that functions as a label or as a causal entity for a constellation of behaviors or of phenomena

Answer 36

Construct

Question 37

Definition describes how a construct is being measured

Answer 37

Measurement

Question 38

Definition describes how a construct or a variable is being manipulated

Answer 38

Experimental

Question 39

Descriptionofhowaconstructisinstantiatedina theoretical model

Answer 39

Theoretical definition

Question 40

What is the relation among the mean, median and mode in a normal distribution.

Answer 40

They are all central tendencies to which the rest of the distribution is asymmetrical.

Question 41

T or F, The number of scores decreases as standard deviations from the mean increase.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

T or F The normal distribution is asymmetric.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

The number of scores between +/- one standard deviation is ___________

Answer 43

68%

Question 44

The number of scores between +/- two standard deviations is __________

Answer 44

95%

Question 45

From where (not whom) does the normal distribution come?_________________________________

Answer 45

Mathematics

Question 46

Placement of students in Special Education is a predictor of: 1. Graduation 2. Criminality 3. Employment 4. Divorced parents

Answer 46

1. Less likely to Graduate 2. More likely Criminality 3. low Employment 4. more likely divorced parents

Question 47

For the Wood Cock Johnson, the _______is the number of questions correct to be able to interpret the results; lowest five.

Answer 47

Basal

Question 48

For the Wood Cock Johnson, the _______is the number of questions wrong to be able to interpret the results; highest five missed.

Answer 48

Ceiling

Question 49

For the Wood Cock Johnson, Read the _____(color), Look at the _________(color)

Answer 49

Read the Blue (color), Look at the Lavendar (color)

Question 50

Four types of Normal probability distribution...

Answer 50

1. Normal curve 2. •Normal distribution 3. •Bell curve 4. •Gaussian distribution

Question 51

What are predictable patterns based on standard deviation units?

Answer 51

Normal Distribution

Question 52

Normal Distribution: Normal scores between 0 and -1...?

Answer 52

34%

Question 53

Normal Distribution: Normal scores between -1 and -2...?

Answer 53

13.5%

Question 54

Normal Distribution: Normal scores between -2 and -3...?

Answer 54

2.5%

Question 55

Normal Distribution: Normal scores between 0 and 1...?

Answer 55

34%

Question 56

Normal Distribution: Normal scores between 1 and 2...?

Answer 56

13.5%

Question 57

Normal Distribution: Normal scores between 2 and 3...?

Answer 57

2.5%