Intro Notes (measurement, descriptive statistics, normal distribution) Flashcards
What are the three central tendency statistics?
Mean, median and mode
What are the 4 types of dispersion?
- Range,
- Interquartile range,
- variance, and
- Standard Deviation
The difference between the highest and lowest observation or measured value of a construct is which type of dispersion?
Range
The difference between the largest and smallest observation without correcting for rounding error in measurements is which type of Range?
Exclusive Range
The difference between the largest and smallest observation but correcting for rounding error in measurements is which type of Range?
Inclusive Range
value at 3rd quartile – value at 1st quartile or value at 75th percentile – value at 25th percentile is which type of dispersion?
Interquartile Range
Interquartilerange/2 • (Q3–Q1)/2 is which type of interquartile range?
Semi-Interquartile range
What is the best use for the semi-interquartile range?
canbeusedasaroughtestfor symmetry of a distribution
What are the two types of deviations within an interquartile range?
- Quartile deviation
2. Coefficient of quartile deviation
Which of the two types of deviations within an interquartile range is the averageofthe range from Q1 to Q2 and of the range from Q2 to Q3?
Visual: ((Q2-Q1) + (Q3-Q2))/2
Quartile Deviation
Which of the two types of deviations within an interquartile range is a measure of interquartile dispersion that is relative to the size and distribution of the observations and of the measurements of a construct?
Visual: (Q3 – Q1)/(Q3 + Q1)
Coefficient of Quartile Variation
What is the most common measure of dispersion/variability/ spread?
Standard Deviation
Which type of deviation is the square of the deviations from the mean?
Standard Deviation
What does it mean to deviate?
To differ from typical or average
Statistically typical or normal takes the form of a measure of……
Central Tendencies (Mean, median, mode)
Statistically: If a person scores above the mean, the deviation yields a_______ number
positive
Statistically: If a person scores below the mean, the deviation yields a ___________ number
negative
Measure of typicality; typical score in a distribution
Central Tendency
What is Spread of the distribution
Dispersion
The most frequently occurring observation or measured value for a construct or phenomenon
Mode
Middleobservationor measured value of a construct in a distribution; 50th percentile
Median
Average score; typically the arithmetic average, but not always
Mean
When reporting measures of central tendency, a nominal scale of measurement will yield a _________ (Central Tendency).
Mode
When reporting measures of central tendency, an ordinal scale of measurement will yield a _________ and _______(Central Tendencies).
Mode and Median
When reporting measures of central tendency, an interval scale of measurement will yield a _______, ________ and _______(Central Tendencies).
Mode, Median, Mean*
When reporting measures of central tendency, a ratio scale of measurement will yield a _______, ________ and _______(Central Tendencies).
Mode, Median, Mean
When reporting measures of dispersion, a interval scale of measurement will yield aprimary concern of ________ (Dispersion type)
Standard deviation
When reporting measures of dispersion, a interval scale of measurement will yield aprimary concern of ________ (Dispersion type)
Standard deviation
When reporting measures of dispersion, an ordinal scale of measurement will yield a primary concern of ________ (Dispersion type)
Range
When reporting measures of dispersion, a nominal scale of measurement will yield ____ _______ (Dispersion types)
Pie Chart Dispersion types
Think about the conceptual data of standard deviation, What happens if the sample size (the number of scores) increases?
The standard deviation gets smaller!
Think about the conceptual data of standard deviation, What happens if the sample size (the number of scores) decreases?
The standard deviation gets bigger.
Assigning values to according to a system (often in the form of an operation definition) that represents a model (often in the form of a theoretical or constitutive definition)
Measurement
Process of assigning values to indicants associated with a construct
Measurement
Event, occurrence, situation, or behavior that can be observed.
Phenomenon
An unobservable entity that functions as a label or as a causal entity for a constellation of behaviors or of phenomena
Construct
Definition describes how a construct is being measured
Measurement
Definition describes how a construct or a variable is being manipulated
Experimental
Descriptionofhowaconstructisinstantiatedina theoretical model
Theoretical definition
What is the relation among the mean, median and mode in a normal distribution.
They are all central tendencies to which the rest of the distribution is asymmetrical.
T or F, The number of scores decreases as standard deviations from the mean increase.
True
T or F The normal distribution is asymmetric.
True
The number of scores between +/- one standard deviation is ___________
68%
The number of scores between +/- two standard deviations is __________
95%
From where (not whom) does the normal distribution come?_________________________________
Mathematics
Placement of students in Special Education is a predictor of:
- Graduation
- Criminality
- Employment
- Divorced parents
- Less likely to Graduate
- More likely Criminality
- low Employment
- more likely divorced parents
For the Wood Cock Johnson, the _______is the number of questions correct to be able to interpret the results; lowest five.
Basal
For the Wood Cock Johnson, the _______is the number of questions wrong to be able to interpret the results; highest five missed.
Ceiling
For the Wood Cock Johnson, Read the _____(color), Look at the _________(color)
Read the Blue (color), Look at the Lavendar (color)
Four types of Normal probability distribution…
- Normal curve
- •Normal distribution
- •Bell curve
- •Gaussian distribution
What are predictable patterns based on standard deviation units?
Normal Distribution
Normal Distribution: Normal scores between 0 and -1…?
34%
Normal Distribution: Normal scores between -1 and -2…?
13.5%
Normal Distribution: Normal scores between -2 and -3…?
2.5%
Normal Distribution: Normal scores between 0 and 1…?
34%
Normal Distribution: Normal scores between 1 and 2…?
13.5%
Normal Distribution: Normal scores between 2 and 3…?
2.5%
