Intro Neurology

Question 1

What are the top 5 neurological disorders?

Answer 1

Stroke
Migraine
Epilepsy 
Dimentias 
Parkinsons

Question 2

Define:

• Dyskinesia
• Bradykinesia
• Akinesia

Answer 2

Dyskinesia: difficulty performing voluntary muscle movements, fragmented or jerky movements

Bradykinesia: slow movement

Akinesia: inability to initiate movement

Question 3

Define:

• Rigidity

- Chorea

Answer 3

Rigidity: increase in resistance to passive movement

Chorea: “to dance,” brief irregular contractions not repetitive or rhythmic

Question 4

Define:

• Ballism

- Dysarthria

Answer 4

Ballism: sever chorea, thrashing motions

Dysarthria: articulation disorder caused by impairment of speech muscles. (Stammering or stuttering)

Question 5

Define:

• allodynia
• akathisia
• cataplexy

Answer 5

Allodynia: ordinarily painless stimulus is painful.

Akathisia: motor restlessness; inability to sit still.

Cataplexy: muscular weakness resulting in sudden loss of postural tone (may result in falling to floor)

Question 6

Define:

• cogwheeling
• Facial masking
• Fasiculation

Answer 6

Cogwheeling: ratchet like movement d/t superimposition of tremor on rigidity

Facial masking: decreased facial expression d/t rigidity of facial muscles

Fasiculation: twitch

Question 7

Define:

• festination
• freezing
• Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 7

Festination: involuntary tendency to take short accelerating steps in walking that can occur in parkinsons dz

Freezing: sudden, brief cessation of movement

Korsakoff syndrome: chronic thiamine deficiency characterized by impairment in establishing new memories and retrieving previous memories, occuring most commonly in alcoholics.

Question 8

Define:

• Myoclonus
• Oculogyric crisis
• on-off phenomenon

Answer 8

Myoclonus: sudden, shock-like jerking contraction of a group of muscles

Oculogyric crisis: dystonic rxn to neuroleptic drugs manifested by sudden sustained twisting of the head and upward deviation of the eyes; responsive to anticholinergic or antihistamine medications.

On-off phenom: sudden, unpredictable changes in motor performance by pts on levodopa

Question 9

Define:

• palsy
• paraplegia
• penumbra

Answer 9

Palsy: paralysis or a muscle group

Paraplegia: paralysis of both legs

Penumbra: an area surrounding a dense core of irreversibly damaged cells that is capable of recovery

Question 10

Define:

• Tardive
• Tic
• Torticollis

Answer 10

Tardive: sx that develop slowly or appear long after inception

• Tic: repetitive, stereotyped, simple, or complex movements that can be voluntarily suppressed for short periods of time (throat clearing or eye blinking)
• Torticollis: form of dystonia in which the neck muscles contract involuntarily, causing the heard to turn.

Question 11

Define:

• wearing off phenomenon

- fluent aphasia

Answer 11

wearing off: waning of the effects of a dose of levodopa prior to the scheduled time for the next dose resulting in decreased motor performance.

Fleunt aphasia(Wernickes): impairment of language comprehension

Question 12

Define:

• athetosis
• Dystonia
• oromandibular dystonia

Answer 12

Athetosis:
-twisting and writhing movements

Dystonia: sustained muscle contractions causing twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal posture.

Oromandibular dystonia: muscle of tongue and jaw distortion

Question 13

Define:

• facial and cervical dystonia
• blepharspasm
• spastic dystonia

Answer 13

Facial/Cervical dystonia: face or neck muscles cauasing head or facial expression to be pulled to one side.

Blepharispasm: muscle around the eyes, repetitive blinking

Spastic dystonia:
-muscle of the larynx, voice is broke or whispered.