Intro lecture: 10/27 Flashcards
What are the two major categories of renal organs?
kidney: glomeruli, tubule, interstitum, vasculature, calyxes
collecting system: ureter, bladder, urethra
What is the normal pH range?
7.35-7.45
Acidemia vs acidosis
- emia: 7.35-7.40
- osis:
Alkalemia vs alkadosis
- emia: 7.40-7.45
- osis: >7.45
Name the three types of renal disorder
- acute: has 3 stages
- chronic: has 5 stages
- advanced: requires dialysis
**What are the five stages of chronic renal failure?
S1: damage + normal GFR (90 mL/min) S2: damage + GFR (60-89) S3: moderate low GFR (30-59) S4: severely low GFR (15-30) S5: kidney failure
Define: oliguria
decreased urine output
Define: anuria
absence of urine output
Define: polyuria
> 3000 mL/day
Define: azotemia
elevation of BUN/creatinine
Define: uremia
severe BUN/creatinine elevation
Define: nephrolithiasis
- kidney stones
- contractions of tubule in attempts to expel the stone is what causes the pain
Define: abnormal urinary sediment
take urine sample > spin down
one can get:
- pyuria: pus in urine
- casts
- hematuria from he glomeruli: see misshapen RBCs
How to treat volume depletion?
fluid replacement!
- colloid: remains in the plasma
- crystalloid: transfers to the interstitial space (ECF); may lead cause edema
How to treat volume overload?
- fluid restriction
- loop diuretics
- thoracentesis
- hemodialysis
What are the hormones created by the kidneys?
erythropoietin: regulates HGB and HCT concentrations
Vitamin D: converted to active form; regulates Ca and P04 absorption
Describe nephrotic syndrome
- proteinuria/albuminuria
- peripheral edema
- hyperlipidemia
- thrombophilia: loss of AT-3
- no casts
- NON-inflammatory
Describe nephritic syndrome
- inflammatory cells via renal biopsy
- hematuria + casts
- elevated BUN
- HTN
- oliguria and azotemia
Describe the distribution of water in the body
- TBW: 60% of body weight (in kg)
- Intracellular: 2/3 TBW
- Extracellular: 1/3 TBW
- interstitial: 3/4 ECW
- plasma: 1/4 ECW
