Intro. Jan 18th session Flashcards
Chapter 1 definitons
An organism’s ___ to its
environment are the result of
evolution.
Adaptations
__________ is the process of
change that has resulted in the
astounding array of organisms
found on Earth
Evolution
Evolution is:
a process of biological change in which organisms
gradually accumulate differences from their ancestors
Science
Inquiry
the search for information and explanation of natural
phenomena
Biology is:
the scientific study of life
Hypothesis
is an explanation based on observations
and assumptions that leads to a testable prediction.
Experiment
a scientific test, often carried out under controlled
conditions
Give three characteristics of a Theory (in comparison to hypothesis)
*Broader in scope than a hypothesis
* General enough to lead to many new testable hypotheses
* Supported by a large body of evidence in comparison to a hypothesis
What are the three types of variables?
Experimental Variables
* The factor that is manipulated and the effect of the factor on the system
Independent Variable
* The factor manipulated by the researchers
Dependent Variable
* The effect of the manipulated factor
List the unifying themes that help to organize biological
information
– Organization
– Information
– Energy and matter
– Interactions
– Evolution
List the (10) Levels of Biological
Organization in order from BIGGEST to smallest.
- Biosphere
- Ecosystems
- Communities
- Populations
- Organisms
- Organs
- Tissues
- Cells
- Organelles
- Molecules
Life Requires the Transfer and
Transformation of _____ and ______
Energy and Matter
Qualitative vs Quantitative data?
Qualitative: descriptions rather than
measurements
Quantitative: recorded measurements, which
are sometimes organized into tables and graphs
Each chromosome contains
one long DN A molecule with
hundreds or thousands of
genes. Define Genes:
the units of
inheritance that transmits
information from parents to
offspring
As cells grow and divide, the
genetic information encoded by
_____ directs their development
DNA
What is teh Central Dogma
DNA to RNA to Proteins
An organism’s _______ is its entire set of
genetic instructions
The entire set of proteins expressed by a cell,
tissue, or organism is called a _________
Genome; proteome
Darwin reasoned:
– Individuals that are best suited to their environment
are more likely to survive and reproduce
– Over many generations, more individuals in a
population will have the advantageous traits
What did he refer to this as and why?
natural selection, because the natural environment
“selects” for advantageous traits in the population
Inductive Reasoning vs. Deductive Reasoning.
Inductive reasoning draws conclusions through the logical process of induction
Deductive reasoning extrapolates from general premises to specific predictions
