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Intro Immuno Flashcards

1
Q

B Lymphocyte

A

Neutralization of microbe, phagocytosis, complement activation

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2
Q

Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia

A

X-linked Deficiency: BTK

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3
Q

C-reactive protein (CRP)

A

Binds phosphocholine expressed on some bacteria and on dead/dying cells (opsonin), activates complement via C1Q complex leading to generation of C3b

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4
Q

C1 INH Deficiency

A

Results in hereditary angioedema Type I, (autosomal dominant) ROS: swelling, commonly face, lips, floor of mouth, throat, larynx

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5
Q

C1 Inhibitor (C1 INH)

A

Inhibits C1r and C1s serine protease activity

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6
Q

C1q

A

Binds to Ab that has bound Ag, thus allowing activation of C1r

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7
Q

C1r

A

Cleaves C1s to active protease

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8
Q

C1s

A

Cleaves C4 and C2

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9
Q

C2a

A

Precursor of vasoactive C2 kin in

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10
Q

C2b

A

Active enzyme of classical pathway C3/C5 convertase: cleaves C3 and C5

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11
Q

C3 Deficiency

A

Rare and associated w/ severe recurrent Neisseria infections and poor immune response in infancy, usually fatal

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12
Q

C3a

A

Stimulates inflammatory response

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13
Q

C3b

A

Binds to the surface of a microbe, where it functions as an opsonin and as a component of C3 and C5 convertases, binds C5 for cleavage by C2b

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14
Q

C4 Binding Protein (C4BP)

A

Causes dissociation of classical pathway C3 convertase subunits, is a cofactors for Factor I-mediated cleavage of C4b

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15
Q

C4a

A

Weak mediator of inflammatory response

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16
Q

C4b

A

Covalently binds to pathogen and opsonizes it, binds C2 for cleavage by C1s

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17
Q

CD59 (MAC inhibitory protein)

A

Blocks C9 binding and prevents formation of the MAC

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18
Q

CH50

A

Low levels of CH50 can be used to monitor progression of autoimmune or other dz (like SLE-lupus: low C3 and C4)

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19
Q

Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

A

Deficiency: CD19, CD20, BAFF-R

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20
Q

Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL)

A

Ag recognition: infected cell expressing microbial ag Killing of infected host cell

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21
Q

Decay Accelerating Factor (DAF)

A

Blocks formation of C3 convertase, prevents normal human host cells from activating the MAC

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22
Q

Factor B

A

Bb is a serine protease and the active enzyme of C3 and C5 convertases

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23
Q

Factor D

A

Plasma serine protease that cleaves factor B when it is bound to C3b

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24
Q

Factor H (complement)

A

Cofactor for Factor I-mediated cleavage of C3b, and causes dissociation of alternative pathway C3 convertase subunits

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25
Factor I (complement)
Proteolytically cleaves C3b and C4b (inactivator) and produces C3d
26
Helper T Lymphocyte
Ag recognition: microbial ag presented by APC Activation of MAC, inflammation, activation (proliferation and differentiation) of T and B lymphocytes
27
Hyper-IgM Syndrome (HIGM2)
Deficiency: AID Effect: prevents class switch, limiting Ab production to low variability IgM
28
IFN-α / IFN-β
\*Type I IFN Secreted by: dendritic cell, MAC Activity: target virally uninfected (neighboring) cells and inhibit viral replication and propagation, inc MHC-I expression, NK cells: activation
29
IFN-γ
\*Type II IFN but Type I cytokine Secreted by: TH1, CTL, CD8+, NK Activity: - uninfected/MAC/phagocytic: inhibits viral replication, classic MAC activation - increases expression of MHC I and II - TH2: inhibits type II cytokines IL-4 and class switch to IgE and IgG1
30
IgA
In serum is monomer, but dimmer in secretions with secretory component and J chain associated, secretory piece is made in epithelial cells Function: local mucosal immunity, does not fix complement, can bind PMNs and induce phagocytosis
31
IgD
4th most abundant, found primarily on naive B cell surfaces, associates w/ CD79a and CD79b signaling molecules Function: receptor for Ag
32
IgE
Least abundant in serum,
33
IgG
Most abundant in serum, capable of fixing complement (except IgG4), only Ig capable of crossing placenta (except IgG2), IgG binds to surface receptors (except IgG2 and IgG4)
34
IgM
Third most common in serum, as monomer is present on B cell as Ag receptor, normally exists as pen tamer w/ J chain protein covalently linking all 5 monomers via S-S bond. First IG synthesized Function: activates classical complement pathway
35
IL-1
Secreted by: MAC (mainly) Activity: - MAC/neutrophil: causes inflammation - hepatocyte: induces synthesis of acute-phase proteins - Hypothalamus: induces fever
36
IL-10
Secreted by: TH2; Treg Action: Anti-inflammatory (inhibits TH cells) and suppresses cytokine production by TH1
37
IL-12
Secreted by: MACs and dendritic cells Activity: - activated CD8+ and Tc: acts synergistically w/ IL-2 to differentiate pCTLs into CTLs - NK; LAK and TH1 cells: stimulates proliferation of NK and TH1 cells
38
IL-13
Secreted by: TH2 Target: B cells Action: induces class switch to IgE
39
IL-15
Secreted by: MACs and others Activity: - NK cells: proliferation - T cells: proliferation of memory CD8+ cells
40
IL-17
Secreted by: TH17 Action: pro-inflammatory attracts PMNs \*induces IL-6, IL-1, TGF-B, TNF-a, IL-8
41
IL-18
Secreted by: Monocytes, MACs, DCs Activity: - NK and T cells: IFN-γ synthesis - monocytes: expression of GM-CSF, TNF, IL-1β - neutrophils: activation and cytokine release
42
IL-2
Secreted by: TH(0), and TH1 cells Target tissue: TH, TC, B and NK cells Activity: induces proliferation, enhances activity, known as T cell growth factor
43
IL-21
Secreted by: TH2 and TH17 NK and Tc: pro-inflammatory, works together w/ IL-22
44
IL-22
Secreted by: TH17 epithelial cells: production of defensins, inc. barrier function
45
IL-23
Secreted by: MACs and dendritic cells Action: stabilization and increased activity of TH cells during differentiation
46
IL-3
Secreted by: TH cells, NK cells Activity: - hematopoietic (myeloid) cells: growth and differentiation for myeloid progenitor cells
47
IL-4
Secreted by: TH2 cells Activity: class switch to IgE, TH2 differentiation, suppresses TH1
48
IL-5
Secreted by: TH2 cells, mast cells Activity: - activated B cells: class switch to IgA (and IgE) - bone marrow cells: eosinophil differentiation an activation (for parasite elimination)
49
IL-6
- Secreted by: MAC, TH2, TH17 - Type II cytokine - hepatocytes: induces a cute phase proteins (pro-inflammatory) - muscle cell: anti-inflammatory cytokine - TH cells: w/ TGFβ promotes TH17 differentiation
50
IL-7
Secreted by: bone marrow/thymus Action: differentiation into lymphoid lineage progenitor B and T cells, prolongs naive and memory T cell survival
51
IL-8
Secreted by: MAC Action: attracts neutrophils
52
Lactoferrin
Deprives pathogen of iron
53
Lysozyme
Hydrolysis of peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall
54
MAC deficiency
Deficiency: C5-C9 ROS: most frequently assoc. w/ Neisseria infections
55
MCP (membrane cofactors protein)
Distributed by leukocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells Action: cofactors for Factor I-mediated cleavage of C3b and C4b
56
Membrane Cofactor Protein (MCP, CD46)
Cofactor for Factor I-mediated cleavage of C3b and C4b
57
Monoclonal Ab's
Originate from a single B cell clone w/ single specificity against only one epitope
58
NK cell
10% of blood lymphocytes, recognize and kill infected cell or tumor cells + Cytokines: 2, 12, 15, 18 Produce: TNF-α and IFN-γ
59
NLRP-3 Receptor
Pyramid domain, forms inflammasome structure that includes adaptor molecule and eventually IL-1β - Lectin receptors: multitalented binding to several exposed PAMP
60
NOD-2
Senses bacterial peptides entering the cytosol and activates NF-κB pathway
61
NOD-Like Receptor (NLR)
Cytosol if receptors w/ shared NOD domain Sense: microbial products, cell damage products, Utica acid, excessive amounts of depositions from endogenous substances
62
Opsonization
Enhances phagocytosis in addition to PAMP and PRR, Fc receptors for Fc region of IG (specific), CR1 complement receptor for C3b fragment (innate)
63
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Deficiency: molecules that anchor DAF on surface of their own cells ROS: hemolysis of RBC causing hemoglobinuria and hematuria (black urine particularly upon rising in am)
64
Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMP)
- Flagellum, pilin, LPS, peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, mycobacterial glycolipids - mannose -fMet
65
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR)
Located on phagocytic cells, recognize PAMPs and signal cascade of rxn's and expression of pro-inflammatory genes, synthesis of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides
66
Polyclonal Ab's
Mixture Ab populations w/ different specificities against various epitope S of the same Ag, derived from several different B cell clones/plasma cells
67
Mannose Biding Lectin (MBL)
Initiates Lectin pathway' binds to terminal mannose residues of microbial CHO's - an MBL-associated protease activates C4 and C2, as in the classical pathway
68
Properdin
Stabilizes the C3 convertase (C3bBb) on microbial surfaces
69
Proteolytic/hydrolysis enzymes
Digestion of killed organisms
70
Regulatory T Lymphocyte
Suppression of immune response
71
Rituximab
Target: CD20 Action: decreased B cell production (for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma)
72
SCIDs
Deficiency: IL-7R or JAK3 ROS: recurrent infection, bc lack of B and T cells
73
T-dependent Ag
B cells require help from T lymphocytes in the process of activation and Ab productions such as IgG, IgA and IgE \*degradable by APCs
74
T-indep Ag Type I
Aka mitogens, are resistant to degradation by APCs and usually work through PRRs
75
T-indep Ag Type II
Usually large highly repetitive polymers that mainly trigger IgM and do not require APC presentation
76
TGF-β
Secreted by: Treg, MACs T-cells: anti-inflammatory, differentiation of Treg, w/ IL=6 is pro-inflammatory towards TH17 MAC: inhibition of activation; stimulation of angiogenesis; collagen synthesis
77
TNF-α
Secreted by: MAC and NK cells Activity: cytotoxic effect, promotes inflammation on tumor and inflammatory cells, promotes acute phase proteins in liver
78
TNF-β
Secreted by: TH1 and CTL Activity: enhances phagocytic activity - hypothalamus: induces fever
79
Type 1 Complement Receptor (CR1, CD35)
Causes dissociation of C3 convertase subunits, cofactor for Factor I-mediated cleavage of C3b and C4b
80

Immunology (3 decks)

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