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Immunology > Intro Immuno > Flashcards

Intro Immuno Flashcards

1
Q

B Lymphocyte

A

Neutralization of microbe, phagocytosis, complement activation

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2
Q

Bruton’s Agammaglobulinemia

A

X-linked Deficiency: BTK

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3
Q

C-reactive protein (CRP)

A

Binds phosphocholine expressed on some bacteria and on dead/dying cells (opsonin), activates complement via C1Q complex leading to generation of C3b

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4
Q

C1 INH Deficiency

A

Results in hereditary angioedema Type I, (autosomal dominant) ROS: swelling, commonly face, lips, floor of mouth, throat, larynx

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5
Q

C1 Inhibitor (C1 INH)

A

Inhibits C1r and C1s serine protease activity

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6
Q

C1q

A

Binds to Ab that has bound Ag, thus allowing activation of C1r

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7
Q

C1r

A

Cleaves C1s to active protease

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8
Q

C1s

A

Cleaves C4 and C2

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9
Q

C2a

A

Precursor of vasoactive C2 kin in

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10
Q

C2b

A

Active enzyme of classical pathway C3/C5 convertase: cleaves C3 and C5

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11
Q

C3 Deficiency

A

Rare and associated w/ severe recurrent Neisseria infections and poor immune response in infancy, usually fatal

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12
Q

C3a

A

Stimulates inflammatory response

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13
Q

C3b

A

Binds to the surface of a microbe, where it functions as an opsonin and as a component of C3 and C5 convertases, binds C5 for cleavage by C2b

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14
Q

C4 Binding Protein (C4BP)

A

Causes dissociation of classical pathway C3 convertase subunits, is a cofactors for Factor I-mediated cleavage of C4b

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15
Q

C4a

A

Weak mediator of inflammatory response

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16
Q

C4b

A

Covalently binds to pathogen and opsonizes it, binds C2 for cleavage by C1s

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17
Q

CD59 (MAC inhibitory protein)

A

Blocks C9 binding and prevents formation of the MAC

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18
Q

CH50

A

Low levels of CH50 can be used to monitor progression of autoimmune or other dz (like SLE-lupus: low C3 and C4)

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19
Q

Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

A

Deficiency: CD19, CD20, BAFF-R

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20
Q

Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL)

A

Ag recognition: infected cell expressing microbial ag Killing of infected host cell

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21
Q

Decay Accelerating Factor (DAF)

A

Blocks formation of C3 convertase, prevents normal human host cells from activating the MAC

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22
Q

Factor B

A

Bb is a serine protease and the active enzyme of C3 and C5 convertases

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23
Q

Factor D

A

Plasma serine protease that cleaves factor B when it is bound to C3b

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24
Q

Factor H (complement)

A

Cofactor for Factor I-mediated cleavage of C3b, and causes dissociation of alternative pathway C3 convertase subunits

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25
Q

Factor I (complement)

A

Proteolytically cleaves C3b and C4b (inactivator) and produces C3d

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26
Q

Helper T Lymphocyte

A

Ag recognition: microbial ag presented by APC Activation of MAC, inflammation, activation (proliferation and differentiation) of T and B lymphocytes

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27
Q

Hyper-IgM Syndrome (HIGM2)

A

Deficiency: AID Effect: prevents class switch, limiting Ab production to low variability IgM

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28
Q

IFN-α / IFN-β

A

*Type I IFN Secreted by: dendritic cell, MAC Activity: target virally uninfected (neighboring) cells and inhibit viral replication and propagation, inc MHC-I expression, NK cells: activation

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29
Q

IFN-γ

A

*Type II IFN but Type I cytokine Secreted by: TH1, CTL, CD8+, NK Activity: - uninfected/MAC/phagocytic: inhibits viral replication, classic MAC activation - increases expression of MHC I and II - TH2: inhibits type II cytokines IL-4 and class switch to IgE and IgG1

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30
Q

IgA

A

In serum is monomer, but dimmer in secretions with secretory component and J chain associated, secretory piece is made in epithelial cells Function: local mucosal immunity, does not fix complement, can bind PMNs and induce phagocytosis

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31
Q

IgD

A

4th most abundant, found primarily on naive B cell surfaces, associates w/ CD79a and CD79b signaling molecules Function: receptor for Ag

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32
Q

IgE

A

Least abundant in serum,

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33
Q

IgG

A

Most abundant in serum, capable of fixing complement (except IgG4), only Ig capable of crossing placenta (except IgG2), IgG binds to surface receptors (except IgG2 and IgG4)

34
Q

IgM

A

Third most common in serum, as monomer is present on B cell as Ag receptor, normally exists as pen tamer w/ J chain protein covalently linking all 5 monomers via S-S bond. First IG synthesized Function: activates classical complement pathway

35
Q

IL-1

A

Secreted by: MAC (mainly) Activity: - MAC/neutrophil: causes inflammation - hepatocyte: induces synthesis of acute-phase proteins - Hypothalamus: induces fever

36
Q

IL-10

A

Secreted by: TH2; Treg Action: Anti-inflammatory (inhibits TH cells) and suppresses cytokine production by TH1

37
Q

IL-12

A

Secreted by: MACs and dendritic cells Activity: - activated CD8+ and Tc: acts synergistically w/ IL-2 to differentiate pCTLs into CTLs - NK; LAK and TH1 cells: stimulates proliferation of NK and TH1 cells

38
Q

IL-13

A

Secreted by: TH2 Target: B cells Action: induces class switch to IgE

39
Q

IL-15

A

Secreted by: MACs and others Activity: - NK cells: proliferation - T cells: proliferation of memory CD8+ cells

40
Q

IL-17

A

Secreted by: TH17 Action: pro-inflammatory attracts PMNs *induces IL-6, IL-1, TGF-B, TNF-a, IL-8

41
Q

IL-18

A

Secreted by: Monocytes, MACs, DCs Activity: - NK and T cells: IFN-γ synthesis - monocytes: expression of GM-CSF, TNF, IL-1β - neutrophils: activation and cytokine release

42
Q

IL-2

A

Secreted by: TH(0), and TH1 cells Target tissue: TH, TC, B and NK cells Activity: induces proliferation, enhances activity, known as T cell growth factor

43
Q

IL-21

A

Secreted by: TH2 and TH17 NK and Tc: pro-inflammatory, works together w/ IL-22

44
Q

IL-22

A

Secreted by: TH17 epithelial cells: production of defensins, inc. barrier function

45
Q

IL-23

A

Secreted by: MACs and dendritic cells Action: stabilization and increased activity of TH cells during differentiation

46
Q

IL-3

A

Secreted by: TH cells, NK cells Activity: - hematopoietic (myeloid) cells: growth and differentiation for myeloid progenitor cells

47
Q

IL-4

A

Secreted by: TH2 cells Activity: class switch to IgE, TH2 differentiation, suppresses TH1

48
Q

IL-5

A

Secreted by: TH2 cells, mast cells Activity: - activated B cells: class switch to IgA (and IgE) - bone marrow cells: eosinophil differentiation an activation (for parasite elimination)

49
Q

IL-6

A
  • Secreted by: MAC, TH2, TH17 - Type II cytokine - hepatocytes: induces a cute phase proteins (pro-inflammatory) - muscle cell: anti-inflammatory cytokine - TH cells: w/ TGFβ promotes TH17 differentiation
50
Q

IL-7

A

Secreted by: bone marrow/thymus Action: differentiation into lymphoid lineage progenitor B and T cells, prolongs naive and memory T cell survival

51
Q

IL-8

A

Secreted by: MAC Action: attracts neutrophils

52
Q

Lactoferrin

A

Deprives pathogen of iron

53
Q

Lysozyme

A

Hydrolysis of peptidoglycan in the bacterial cell wall

54
Q

MAC deficiency

A

Deficiency: C5-C9 ROS: most frequently assoc. w/ Neisseria infections

55
Q

MCP (membrane cofactors protein)

A

Distributed by leukocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells Action: cofactors for Factor I-mediated cleavage of C3b and C4b

56
Q

Membrane Cofactor Protein (MCP, CD46)

A

Cofactor for Factor I-mediated cleavage of C3b and C4b

57
Q

Monoclonal Ab’s

A

Originate from a single B cell clone w/ single specificity against only one epitope

58
Q

NK cell

A

10% of blood lymphocytes, recognize and kill infected cell or tumor cells + Cytokines: 2, 12, 15, 18 Produce: TNF-α and IFN-γ

59
Q

NLRP-3 Receptor

A

Pyramid domain, forms inflammasome structure that includes adaptor molecule and eventually IL-1β - Lectin receptors: multitalented binding to several exposed PAMP

60
Q

NOD-2

A

Senses bacterial peptides entering the cytosol and activates NF-κB pathway

61
Q

NOD-Like Receptor (NLR)

A

Cytosol if receptors w/ shared NOD domain Sense: microbial products, cell damage products, Utica acid, excessive amounts of depositions from endogenous substances

62
Q

Opsonization

A

Enhances phagocytosis in addition to PAMP and PRR, Fc receptors for Fc region of IG (specific), CR1 complement receptor for C3b fragment (innate)

63
Q

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

A

Deficiency: molecules that anchor DAF on surface of their own cells ROS: hemolysis of RBC causing hemoglobinuria and hematuria (black urine particularly upon rising in am)

64
Q

Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMP)

A
  • Flagellum, pilin, LPS, peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, mycobacterial glycolipids - mannose -fMet
65
Q

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR)

A

Located on phagocytic cells, recognize PAMPs and signal cascade of rxn’s and expression of pro-inflammatory genes, synthesis of cytokines and antimicrobial peptides

66
Q

Polyclonal Ab’s

A

Mixture Ab populations w/ different specificities against various epitope S of the same Ag, derived from several different B cell clones/plasma cells

67
Q

Mannose Biding Lectin (MBL)

A

Initiates Lectin pathway’ binds to terminal mannose residues of microbial CHO’s - an MBL-associated protease activates C4 and C2, as in the classical pathway

68
Q

Properdin

A

Stabilizes the C3 convertase (C3bBb) on microbial surfaces

69
Q

Proteolytic/hydrolysis enzymes

A

Digestion of killed organisms

70
Q

Regulatory T Lymphocyte

A

Suppression of immune response

71
Q

Rituximab

A

Target: CD20 Action: decreased B cell production (for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma)

72
Q

SCIDs

A

Deficiency: IL-7R or JAK3 ROS: recurrent infection, bc lack of B and T cells

73
Q

T-dependent Ag

A

B cells require help from T lymphocytes in the process of activation and Ab productions such as IgG, IgA and IgE *degradable by APCs

74
Q

T-indep Ag Type I

A

Aka mitogens, are resistant to degradation by APCs and usually work through PRRs

75
Q

T-indep Ag Type II

A

Usually large highly repetitive polymers that mainly trigger IgM and do not require APC presentation

76
Q

TGF-β

A

Secreted by: Treg, MACs T-cells: anti-inflammatory, differentiation of Treg, w/ IL=6 is pro-inflammatory towards TH17 MAC: inhibition of activation; stimulation of angiogenesis; collagen synthesis

77
Q

TNF-α

A

Secreted by: MAC and NK cells Activity: cytotoxic effect, promotes inflammation on tumor and inflammatory cells, promotes acute phase proteins in liver

78
Q

TNF-β

A

Secreted by: TH1 and CTL Activity: enhances phagocytic activity - hypothalamus: induces fever

79
Q

Type 1 Complement Receptor (CR1, CD35)

A

Causes dissociation of C3 convertase subunits, cofactor for Factor I-mediated cleavage of C3b and C4b

80
Q
A

Immunology (3 decks)

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