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Pathology - Hematology > Intro+Eval > Flashcards

Intro+Eval Flashcards

1
Q

Ratio of WBC to RBC in marrow

A

3:1

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2
Q

Whats the difference between plasma and serum?

A

Plasma has clotting factors in it and serum does not (serum already clotted)

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3
Q

Appeox volume of water in body? in blood?

A

40 L

5L

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4
Q

What is the osmolality equation she keeps bringing up

A

(1.86*Na) + (glucose/18) + BUN/2.8

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5
Q

Name the two isotonic solutions

A

0.9% Sodium Chloride

5% Dextrose Solutions

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6
Q

Marrow ration of fat:hematopoetic elements

A

1:1

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7
Q

Describe the process of RBC maturation

A
  • Day 1-2 cell division to 16 daughter cells
  • Day 3-5 cell maturation; decreased DNA/RNA synth, inc. Hgb synth
  • Nuclear Extrusion/Pyknosis –> Reticulocyte
  • Reticulocyte leaves marrow after 1 day, mature after abotu 1 more
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8
Q

Reticulocytes should be about _% of the blood cells

A

1

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9
Q

Normal RBC lifespan

A

120 days

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10
Q

Review Leukocytes+Iron when covered in class

A

because my lazy ass can’t type the damn cards today I guess

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11
Q

Where are the hemoglobin chain genes at?

A

alpha – chromosome 16

other – 11

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12
Q

Three proteins involved in Iron absorption

A
  • Luminal Mucins that bind at acidic pH to make soluble
  • Integrin-like molecules the facilitate passage thru membrane
  • Mobilferrin delivers iron in cell to transferrin or ferritin
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13
Q

storage forms of iron

A

ferritin + hemosiderin

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14
Q

Heme is made of…

A

8 residues each of glycine and succinyl CoA

This makes 4 pyrrole rings with a ferrous iron molecule

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15
Q

Where is heme made?

A

mitochondria (beginning and end)

cytosol (middle)

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16
Q

Pyrrole rings assemble into….

A

Protoporphyrin IX

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17
Q

Rate limiting step of heme production requires…

A

aminolevulinic acid

18
Q

Describe the process of heme catabolism

A
  • Degraded by microsomal enzyme system in RES cells
  • Heme oxygenase catalyzes clevage of tetrapyrrole ring
  • Release of CO, linear tetrapyrole biliverdin IX
  • Biliverdin + Biliverdin Reductase –> Bilirubin
19
Q

How do we get from bilirubin to bile?

A
  1. Unconjugated bilirubin is reversibly bound to albumin in plasma
  2. Uncon. bili. diffuses across hepatocyte membrane, binds to cytosolic proteins
  3. Propionyl side chains conjugated to form diglucuronide
  4. Excretion in Bile at cannalicular membrane
20
Q

How do we get from bile to bilirubin excretion?

A
  1. Conjugated Bilirubin metabolized by intestinal bacteria to form UROBILINOGEN
  2. Urobilinogen is reabsorbed and excreted in the urine
  3. Remaining conjugated bili. is not reabsorbed
  4. Most urobilinogens oxidized –> UROBILINS that color the feces
21
Q

Normal Blood/Interstitial Value of Na and Intracellular value of K

22
Q

Normal amounts of proteins in the blood and intracellularly?

A

Blood – 1.2

Intracellular –4

23
Q

What do the following abbreviations mean?

RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW

A 
Red Blood Cells
Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
Mean Cell Volume
Mean Cell Hemoglobin
Mean Cell Hemoglobin Conc. 
RBC Disribution Width
24
Q

Normal results of MCV? RDW? MCH?

A

MCV – 82-92
RDW – Narrow, Bell Shaped Curve
MCH - 27-32

25
Q

Equation relating MCV, HCT, and RBCs?

A

MCV = (hematocrit/RBC)*10

26
Q

Three given examples of microcytic anemia?

A 
Iron deficiency (always)
Thalassemias (Always)
Chronic Disease (Sometimes)
27
Q

Two given examples of macrocytic anemia?

A

Vit B12 or folate deficiency

28
Q

Mean cell hemoglobin =

A

Hemoglobin/ RBC Count * 10

29
Q

MCHC =

A

Hemoglobin / HCT*100

30
Q

An MCH below ____ indicated pathology (such as iron def. anemia)

31
Q

Normal MCHC?

32
Q

Use a _____ stain on a peripheral blood smear

A

Wright-Giemsa

33
Q

Five pieces of information you can gain from a blood smear

A
  1. Red Cell Morphology
  2. WBC Morphology
  3. Differential WBC count
  4. Platelet Distribution
  5. Pathogen presence
34
Q

Normal blood have 1 platelet per __ RBCs

35
Q

Term for differences in cell shape

A

Poikilocytosis

36
Q

Term for differences in cell size

A

Anisocytosis

37
Q

Normal sizes in uM to remember for RBC, WBC, and PMN

38
Q

Cause of teardrop cells?

A

Marrow fibrosis

39
Q

Cause of schistocytes?

A

Microangiopathic Anemia

40
Q

Osmotic fragility test is for…

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

41
Q

How to distinguish a RBC made in the spleen

A

Should still have nucleus

Pathology - Hematology (9 decks)

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