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Pathology - Hematology > Hemolytic Anemias > Flashcards

Hemolytic Anemias Flashcards

1
Q

Four kinds of intravascular hemolysis

A
  1. mechanical (thrombi, mech valve)
  2. Complement
  3. Hereditary
  4. Toxic (clostridial sepsis)
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2
Q

Five pathological characteristics of intravascular hemolysis

A 
Hemoglobinemia
Hemoglobinuria
Methemalbunimeia
Jaundice
Hemosiderinuria
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3
Q

Initially, free hemoglobin binds to ______

A

Haptoglobin

thus intravascular will lower haptoglobin

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4
Q

What happens to free Hb when haptoglobin is depleted?

A

Oxidized to methemoglobin

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5
Q

Why does hemosiderinuria occur

A

Tubules reabsorb/catabolize some filtered Hb, accumulating iron, forming hemosiderin in tubule cells

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6
Q

Somem key pathological finds associated with extravascular hemolysis

A

Anemia, Jaundice, Splenomegaly

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7
Q

Potential effect caused by elevated conjugated bilirubin?

A

Pigmented gallstone formation

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8
Q

How to diagnose an immunohemolytic anemia

A

direct coombs test

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9
Q

Warm Antibody Hemolytic Anemia. Name the Ig and effect.

A

IgG
Opsonization with autoantibody, spherocytes forms, splenomegaly
Most common

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10
Q

Cold Agglutinin Immune Hemolytic Anemia. Name the Ig and effect.

A

IgM, Complement C3b opsonization.

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11
Q

Cold Hemolysis Hemolytic Anemia. Name the Ig and effect.

A

IgG. Complement mediated intravascular hemolysis

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12
Q

Causes of Warm Antibody Hemolytic Anemia

A

60% Idiopathic

40% - lymphoma, leukemia, autoimmune disease, or drugs

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13
Q

Three mechanisms of drug induced hemolytic anemia

A
  1. Hapten activity (Large IV dose of penicillin/cephalosporins)
  2. Bind to plasma protein, forms complex that nonspecifically binds the RBC. Resulting immune complex fixes complement lysing cells (Quinidine, phenacetin)
  3. Drug induced antibodies that cross react (methyldopa)
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14
Q

Triggers to Cold Agglutinin Immune Hemolytic anemia

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia
Infectious mononucleosis
Some lymphoproliferative disorders (form monoclonal gammopathies)

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15
Q

Name for the autoantibodies in Cold Hemolysis Hemolytic Anemia?

A

Dornath-Landsteiner antibody

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16
Q

Cold hemolysis hemolytic anemia tends to come about after…

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia
Measles
Mumps
Flu

17
Q

Free heme is first turned into _____ before it becomes bilirubin

A

biliverdin

18
Q

What two lab values can move the same direction for intravascular and extravascular hemolysis?

A

Haptoglobin

LDH

19
Q

How to measure the anisocytosis seen in hemolytic anemia

A

RDW

Pathology - Hematology (9 decks)

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