Intro & Descriptive Stats

Question 1

Data

Answer 1

the facts and figures collected, analyzed and summarized for presentation and interpretation

Question 2

Data set

Answer 2

all the data collected in a study

Question 3

elements

Answer 3

the entities on which data are collected

Question 4

variable

Answer 4

characteristic of interest for the elements

Question 5

observation

Answer 5

the specific data points collected for each element ; the set of measurements on the vars of interest

(obs are the rows in the data table)

Question 6

Cross sectional data

Answer 6

various elements with measurements at a given point in time

Question 7

time series data

Answer 7

given element with measurement repeated overtime

Question 8

panel data

Answer 8

various elements with measurements repeated overtime (combo of cross sectional and time series)

Question 9

nominal scale

Answer 9

the data for a var is either labels or names with no natural order of the values

used for categorical data

Question 10

ordinal scale

Answer 10

data exhibits the properties of nominal data but the order/rank of the data is meaningful

used for categorical data

Question 11

interval scale

Answer 11

exhibits properties of ordinal data, but the interval between 2 values is expressed in terms of a fixed unit of measure

used for quantitative data

Question 12

ratio scale

Answer 12

exhibits properties of interval data but the ratio of the 2 values is meaningful

used for quantitative data

Question 13

population

Answer 13

the set of all elements of interest in a study

Question 14

sample

Answer 14

a subset of the population

Question 15

statistical inference

Answer 15

using data from a sample to make estimates and test hypothesis about the pop of interest

Question 16

frequency distribution

Answer 16

a tabular rep that gives the # of obs in each non overlapping class

Question 17

bar chart

Answer 17

graph with rectangle bars whose length is proportional to the values they represent

Question 18

pie chart

Answer 18

circular shaped graph divided into slices whose sizes are proportional to the values they represent

Question 19

cumulative frequency distribution

Answer 19

same as frequency distributions but we have to define the classes

Question 20

histogram

Answer 20

similar to bar charts, but we have to define the classes - useful to infer the shape of distribution (either skewed or symmetric)

Question 21

sample stats

Answer 21

data that comes from a sample

Question 22

pop. parameters

Answer 22

data that comes from a population

Question 23

variability

Answer 23

the extent at which the values in a given var is dispersed around its typical values

Question 24

range

Answer 24

largest val - smallest val; disadvantage of range is highly influenced by extreme values - interquartile range overcomes the dependency on extreme values (Q3-Q1)